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University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


A  Gift  of  the  Hearst  Corporation 


PAUL  REVERE 


Of  this  book  there  have  been  printed  one 

hundred  and  thirty-five  copies  on   Van 

Gelder  paper  and  thirty-jive  copies 

on  extra  quality  Imperial  "Japan 

paper  made  by  the  Imperial 

Government  Mill 

The  right  is  reserved  to  print  a  few  extra 
copies   of  the  illustrations    in    this 
)  none  of  which,  how- 
ever, will  be  offered 
for  sale 


cTlir  £Bami0crtpt  of  tins  Book  toa0 
complete!)  in  August,  nineteen 
tjunUrea  and  one, 
printing  toad  fi'msljeD 


teen  IjunoreD 
ano  one, 


PAUL  REVERE  AND   HIS 
ENGRAVING 


The  BLOODY  MASSACRE  ptn.eunt*in ^^f;^8,^" 

^ 


N'  fee  thy  Sow  deplore, 

' 


'Ihy 

While  faithlefsP—  n  nndhisfavageBands, 


If  fcJdjng  topi  fnnnHagcfr<i«An»iiflH!hngiBut  tooitfrafiMnnofUtothat  «nt&lGo»l 

BTpfeciilcl'sScirroiB 


Orif  a-wtepingWarii  can  ouglit  appcafc 


Thr Patriots  cqpicnts'ieRrs  for  eadiai'e filed. 
ABlonotulHbuwwhichemlailmjthfDcttd. 


ShodJ-youlC—  1»  die  JcmUl  of  thfland 


CceuErecratjousoti  this  Plate  mtnb'd  , 
Shall  reub  »JuDOE  nbo  nerer 


PAUL  REVERE 


WILLIAM  CORING  ANDREWS 


PAUL  REVERE 


UY 

WILLIAM  CORING  ANDREWS 

«...    .^M 


NEW  YORK 

CHARLES  SCRIBXER'S  soxs 


COPYRIGHT,    1901 
BY    WILLIAM    LORING    ANDREWS 


tltir  BB.LL  W  CANNON  Fo0HD«r,<rt  tit 
North  Part  o/  BOSTON, 


PREFACE 

O  winnow  the  wheat  from  the 
chaff  and  establish  the  absolute 
truth,  in  all  its  details,  of  any 
historical  statement  is  well  nigh  an  im- 
possible task.  It  is  hardly  too  much  to 
say  that  no  event  in  history  has  ever  been 
reported  quite  correctly,  even  at  the  time 
of  its  occurrence,  and  as  years  and  cen- 
turies pass  by,  errors  accumulate  around 
and  cling  to  the  story  as  do  barnacles  to 
the  bottom  of  a  ship. 

No  sooner  had  I  yielded — upon  what  I 
considered  good  authority — to  the  belief 
that  the  State  Treasurer's  note  herein  re- 


PAUL    REVERE 

produced  was  engraved  by  Revere,  than  I 
was  confronted  with  one  almost  exactly 
the  same  in  appearance  signed  by  jf. 
M.  Furnass,  who  is  said  to  have  been  a 
nephew  of  Nathaniel  Hurd.  The  only 
variation  in  it  from  the  one  not  signed,  and 
ascribed  to  Revere,  is  a  slight  difference  in 
the  ornamental  work  in  the  left-hand 
border.  I  am  now,  however,  in  possession 
of  other  of  these  notes,  in  which,  while  the 
printed  matter  remains  the  same,  the  en- 
graved borders  and  head-lines  differ  wide- 
ly; furthermore,  I  have  been  shown  an 
impression  of  the  unsigned  note  in  which 
the  engraving  was  almost  entirely  worn 
away.  I  have  consequently  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  borders  and  head-band 
of  the  plate  were  necessarily  re-engraved 
a  number  of  times,  as  the  copper  would 
show  signs  of  wear  more  quickly  than 
the  type  metal.  If  Furnass  engraved  the 
unsigned  and  presumably  the  original 
plate,  why  should  he  not  have  signed  it  as 
he  did  the  others  ?  Therefore,  albeit  posi- 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

tive  proof  is  lacking  that  Revere  engraved 
the  unsigned  note,  the  circumstantial  evi- 
dence in  the  case  is  in  his  favor,  and  I 
am  disposed  to  accord  him  the  benefit  of 
the  doubt. 

By  one  of  those  freaks  of  fortune  of 
which  the  collector  is  occasionally  the 
sport,  the  following  amusing  letter,  relat- 
ive to  the  subject  of  which  these  pages 
treat,  fluttered  into  my  hands  immediate- 
ly after  the  book  had  gone  to  press,  as  did 
also  the  copy  of  the  Columbian  Centmel 
containing  PAUL  REVERE  &  SON'S  Bell 
and  Cannon  Foundry  advertisement,  with 
a  reduced  reproduction  of  which  this 
preface  concludes.  w.  L.  A. 


Cambridge  2jd  July  1832. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  write  this  to  enquire  whether  you,  or  Mr.  *  *  * 
or  both,  have  put  upon  paper  the  particulars  as  far 
as  you  know,  or  can  know  of  Paul  Revere ;  and  if  so,  to 
send  them  to  me  by  way  of  foundation  stones,  joice,  boards, 
shingles  and  paint  for  the  snug  structure  contemplated. 
I  wish  to  have  distinctly  written  the  original  name  of  P. 
R.  as  his  father  wrote  it ;  for  many  of  the  old  Hugonots, 


PAUL    REVERE 

or  their  silly  descendants,  varied  the  spelling  so  as  in  some 
cases  to  render  it  doubtful  whether  they  were  of  the  same 
stock ;  in  Newport,  Bodoine  was  altered  to  Bow  down, 
and  Ami'e  to  Almy — as  Jack  Anvil,  a  journeyman  black- 
smith, when  he  became  rich,  was  John  Anville,  Esq\ 
So  Snelling  may  have  been  originally  Smelling.  /  wish 
to  have  particulars  of  P.  Revere  as  an  ingenious  and  la- 
borious mechanic  or  artizan.  I  know  all  that  is  needful 
to  be  known  of  him  as  an  active  partizan  in  "  the  good 
old  cause"  I  want  facts  of  his  industry — ingenuity.  Was 
he,  or  was  he  not  a  Masonic  officer  of  rank  ?—as  Grand 
master?  But  this  is  of  less  importance  than  his  experi- 
ments and  labors  in  cannon  founding  and  above  all  in 
Bell  founding.  Have  you  any  treatises  on  either  of  these 
arts  ?  I  want  these  things  sent  to  me,  or  rather  brought 
to  me  by  one  or  both  of  you.  In  a  word — bring  your 
straw,  and  you  shall  have  brick,  and  don't  put  it  off  be- 
yond Thursday. 

Yours  with  impatience, 


Paul  Revere  &  Sort, 

/f  lt«>  tlLf.  W  CrfAWOAT  Fowt.r. «  Ik 
MM  f.H  .1  BOSTON. 

f~> ASt  $£LLS.  ol  all  fixes  i  e»ery  kind 

V"  of  Brif.  (JRDJMNCP,  and  t?*rj  kiodol 
C«.erf«™«  I?.,!./*  JHIP5,  &c.«<  ihftaif  -<*•  i 
M4i.uf.-aur.  COPPER  into  S.t.Tl.  tAttt. 


*«*p,  by  the**,  ewry  HW'of 

ibct  of  Church  '»*<]  Ship  Bcllv.of  dif- 

iS?K* 

»  En'Kl.fii 


V ;,  . 
-     Ik 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

PACE 

i  The    BOSTON    MASSACRE,  per- 
petrated on  March  the  5th, 

1 770 Facing  title 

Printed  in  colors. 

Photogravure,  after  the  original  engraving 
by  Paul  Revere.  Size  of  the  original  en- 
graving, including  the  inscription,  9|x8| 
inches. 

ii  TITLE-PAGE 

Designed  and  engraved  on  copper  by  E. 
Davis  French  in  the  style  classed  by  book- 
plate collectors  as  JACOBEAN. 

in  Portrait  of  PAUL  REVERE — 
After  the  painting  by  Gilbert 
Stuart 

Copied  by  permission,  after  the  copper- 
plate by  S.  A.  Schoff,  published  in  the 
Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  As- 
sociation Proceedings  of  1854. 

ix 


vn 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

iv  Silver  Teapot,  manufactured  by 

Revere 1 1 

One  half  the  size  of  the  original. 

v  BURIED  WITH    HIM   BY  BAP- 
TISM         15 

Engraved  by  Revere. 
Size  of  the  original  6£x4T3¥  inches,  in- 
cluding title. 

vi  Massachusetts    State    Treasurer's 

Note 18 

Border  and   headline  said  to  have  been 

engraved  by  Revere. 

Size  of  the  original  10^x4^  inches. 

vii   Continental  Paper  Money    .      .21 

Printed  by  Hall  and  Sellers. 
Same  size  as  the  original. 

viii   The  Able    Doctor;    or,  America 

Swallowing  the  Bitter  Draught  3  3 

Engraved  by  Revere  for  the  Royal  Amer- 
ican Magazine. 
Size  of  the  original  5^x4  inches. 

ix  A  VIEW  OF  THE  TOWN  OF  BOS- 
TON WITH  SEVERAL  SHIPS  OF 

WAR  IN  THE  HARBOUR  .     .  43 

Engraved  by  Revere  for  the  Royal  Amer- 
ican Magazine,  1774. 
Size  of  the  original  io|x6|  inches. 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

PACE 

x  Title-Page  to  "  The  New  Eng- 
land Psalm  Singer  or  Ameri- 
can Chorister"  .  .  .  .61 

Engraved  by  Revere. 

Size  of  the  original  6^x5 1  inches. 

xi   "The  Mitred  Minuet  .      .      .      .      72 

Engraved  for  the  Royal  American  Maga- 
zine by  Revere. 
Size  of  the  original  6|\3-|  inches. 

xii  A  Conference  held  between  some 
Indian  Chiefs  and  Colonel 
Bouquet,  in  the  Year  1764.  .  75 

Engraved  by  Revere  for  the  Royal  Amer- 
ican Magazine. 
Slightly  reduced  from  the  original. 

xiii  Book-Plate  of  DAVID  GREENE  79 

Engraved  by  Revere. 
Same  size  as  the  original. 

XIV   (^    ^iew   of  Q)a6tle    'William   by 

aoo6ton   in  <TOew   Snglanct       .    93 
From  an  old  copper-plate  engraving. 
Size  of  the  original  I2.lxi2  inches. 

xv  Copy  of  the  Pen  and  Ink  Plan, 
Made  by  Paul  Revere,  of  the 
Scene  of  the  Massacre  of 
March  5th,  1770  ....  99 

Engraved  on  copper  by  Sidney  L.  Smith. 
Size  of  the  original  12^x8  inches. 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

xvi  Title-Page  of  Dr.  Benjamin 
Church's  Oration  on  the 
BOSTON  MASSACRE  .  .  .105 

Boston,  1773. 

xvii  The  BOSTON  MASSACRE     .     .109 

Frontispiece  to  the  Boston  Edition  (1770) 
of  the  "  Short  Narrative" 
Size  of  the  original  5^ x^  inches,  exclus- 
ive of  the  lettering. 

xviii  An  Indian  Gazette  .      .      .      .144 

From  the  illustration  in  the  Royal  Amer- 
ican Magazine. 
Size  of  the  original  7^x6|.  inches. 

THE    HEAD-BANDS,   TAIL-PIECES 
AND    INITIAL    LETTERS 

The  head-bands  and  tail-pieces  were 
designed  by  Sidney  L.  Smith  and  engraved 
by  him  on  copper.  The  initial  letters  to 
the  chapters — in  what  is  known  as  Old 
Colonial  engrossing  hand — were  also  drawn 
by  Mr.  Smith. 

i  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS  :  Head- 
band  ix 

Seal  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable 
Mechanic  Association,  of  which  Re- 
vere was  one  of  the  founders  and  first 
President. 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

PAGE 

ii   LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS:  Tail- 
piece  xiv 

Boston  Tea  Party,  in  which  Revere  is 
said  to  have  taken  part. 

in  CHAPTER     i :  Head-band.      .        5 

Paul  Revere's  Coat-of-arms. 

iv  CHAPTER     i :  Tail-piece.       .      29 

The  Midnight  Ride. 

v  CHAPTER    n :   Head-band.      .      30 
The  Silversmith. 

vi   CHAPTER    n :  Tail-piece.        .      51 
The    part  of   Revere's    Harvard    Col- 
lege plate  that  now  exists. 

vii  CHAPTER  in  :  Head-band.       .      52 

The  Engraver. 

vin  CHAPTER  in  :  Tail-piece.        .     66 

Revere's  house  at  North  End,  Boston, 
as  it  now  appears. 

ix  CHAPTER  iv :  Head-band.      .     67 

The  Public  Spirit. 

x  CHAPTER  iv :  Tail-piece.        .     90 

The  Liberty  Tree. 

xi  CHAPTER    v:  Head-band.       .     91 

War. 

xii   CHAPTER     v:  Tail-piece.  •     .102 
The  Mulatto  Crispus  Attucks. 

xiii 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 

xiii   CHAPTER   vi :   Head-band. 
The  Man  of  Affairs. 

xiv  CHAPTER   vi :  Tail-piece. 
Finis. 

xv  APPENDIX  :  Ornamental. 


PAGE 
103 

I24 


"  With  the  exception  of  the  head-band  to  Chapter  I, 
which  is  a  free  copy  of  Revere's  work  on  book-plates, 
an  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  head-  and  tail-pieces 
to  recall  the  side  of  contemporary  French  work  that 
Revere  took  as  a  model  for  his  ornamental  engrav- 
ing, either  direct  or  through  English  imitations." 

Sidney  L.  Smith. 


PAUL  REVERE  AND   HIS 
ENGRAVING 


PAUL  REVERE 


CHAPTER  I 

VERYONE  familiar  with  the 
Annals  of  our  Revolutionary  War 
will  concede  that  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  romantic  characters  of 
those  dark  days  in  our  history  that  "  tried 
men's  souls"  is  that  of  the  patriot,  soldier, 
silversmith,  copper-plate  engraver,  mer- 
chant, brass  founder*  and  sheet-copper- 
roller,  dentist,  picture  frame  designer  and 
manufacturer,  die  sinker,  Grand  Master 
Mason  and  confidential  agent  of  the  State 

*  After  the  peace  Revere  erected  an  air  furnace  in  which  he 
cast  cannon  and  church  bells,  and  a  number  of  the  latter  are 
still  pealing  forth  their  melodious  notes  upon  the  New  England 

5 


PAUL  REVERE 

of  Massachusetts  Bay,  the  "Mercury  of  the 
Revolution"  Colonel  Paul  Revere.  He 
was  decidedly  a  man  of  action,  who  in 
his  time  played  many  parts  and  in  all  his 
manifold  undertakings  achieved  success. 
In  the  words  of  one  of  his  biographers, 
"  He  prospered,  accumulated  by  a  long  life 
of  industry  and  economy  a  competency 
in  the  way  of  property,  and  educated  a 
large  family  of  children  who  venerated 
the  memory  of  such  a  father." 

The  following  fac-simile  of  an  advertise- 
ment in  the  Boston  AMERICAN  HERALD 
of  Monday,  February  6,  1786,  shows  the 
diversified  character  of  the  mercantile  busi- 


Sabbath  air.  The  business  card  of  PAUL  REVERE  &  SONS  as 
casters  of  bells  and  brass  cannon  will  be  found  reproduced  in  E. 
H.  Goss's  "Life  of  Revere,"  Vol.  II,  page  557. 

One  of  Revere' s  church  bells  was  recently  offered  for  sale  by 
the  First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  Boston  and  quickly 
found  a  purchaser.  It  had,  so  the  advertisement  states,  a  his- 
tory, for  it  used  to  summon  the  people  of  the  Old  North  End 
to  worship  when  it  was  the  "court  part  "  of  the  town.  It  was 
in  the  tower  of  the  old  First  Church  and  bears  this  inscription : 
"  The  First  Church,  Cast  in  Boston  in  I?g2  by  Paul  Revere." 
The  price  asked  was  #500. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

ness  which  Revere  conducted,  after  the 
War  of  Independence,  which  had  enlisted 
his  energies  and  occupied  his  time  for  seven 

PAUL    REVERE, 

WOULD  refpeflfully  inform  his  Cufto- 
mers  and  the  Publick, 

that    be    has     REMOVED 

from  the  South  Part  of  the  Town,  oppofne 
Liberty-Pole,  to  Dock -Square,  in  the  Store 
adjoining  Mr.  JOSEPH  BUSH,  near  the 
Market. 

Where  lye  has  for  Sale> 

A  general  Aflbrtment  of 
Hard-Ware  GOODS 

Confiding  of 

Pewter*    Brafs,    Copper, 

Ironmongery,  Plated,  Jappaned,  and  Cutlery 
WAKES  ;.  Files,  Tools,  &c.  for  Gold  fmkhs, 
Jewellers,  Clock  and  Watch -Makers,  Chapes 
andTongnes,  blue  Melting- P6ta  from  No.  i» 
to  ao,  Crucibles,  very  neat  Scale  Beams  3* 
Inches  long  with  hox  Ends;  Willard's  Patent 
Jacks,  LookmK-Ct(aflca»  &c.  &c. 

t&  The  GOLDSMITH'S  BUSINESS,  fo 

there,  carried  on  in  all  its  Branches  ]  all  Kinds 
of  Plate  made  in  the  neweft  Tafte,  and  finiih- 
ed  in  the  neateft  Manjrer. 

Conftant  Attendance  given,  and  the  fmaileft 
Favours  gracefully  acknowledged. 

long  weary  years,  was  over,  and  peace  had 
settled  once  more  upon  the  land  he  served 
with  such  ability,  remarkable  versatility, 
and  unselfish  devotion. 


PAUL    REVERE 

In  the  BOSTON  INDEPENDENT  CHRON- 
ICLE and  UNIVERSAL  ADVERTISER  *  of 
Thursday,  January  i,  1784,  we  find  two 
more  of  Paul  Revere's  business  advertise- 
ments. In  one  he  announces  that  he  has 
imported  in  the  ROSAMOND,  Captain  Love, 
and  HOPE,  Captain  Peirfon  [in  addition  to 
his  former  stock]  "A  very  elegant  aflbrt- 
ment  of  PLATED  WARE,"  consisting  of 
"Tea-Pots,  plain  and  chafed"  and  sundry 
other  articles  of  domestic  use.  The  list 
closes  with  a  "  Tea-Caddy  with  Lacks  [?] 
and  Candlefticks,  Also  an  Aflbrtment  of 
London  Pewter." 

In  his  second  card  Revere  offers  for  sale 
at  a  very  low  advance  over  the  cost  of  im- 
portation, a  great  variety  of  such  goods  as 
usually  form  the  stock  in  trade  of  a  general 


*  The  rough  cut  which  adorns  the  top  of  this  four-page  12x18- 
inch  newspaper  is  thought  to  have  been  engraved  by  Revere.  It 
represents  a  soldier  with  a  drawn  sword  held  upright  in  his  dex- 
ter hand.  In  the  left  a  scroll  inscribed  with  the  word  Indepen- 
dence. Above  the  figure  on  a  ribbon  is  the  motto,  "Appeal  to 
Heaven,"  all  within  an  ornamental  border. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

store  in  a  country  town,  and  this  advertise- 
ment likewise  concludes  with  a  notice 
that  "  ne  Gold-  and  Silver- Smith's  Bufinefs 
is  carried  on  in  all  its  Branches."  Revere 
evidently  believed  in  the  efficacy  of  a  free 
and  full  advertisement  of  his  wares  and 
various  occupations. 

It  will  be  observed  that  Revere  here 
announces  an  importation  of  plated  ware. 
If,  as  has  been  suggested,  he  was  also  an 
importer  of  silverware,  a  notice  to  that 
effect  should  also  appear.  Some  other 
newspaper  of  the  day  which  I  have  not 
had  the  good  fortune  to  see,  may  however, 
contain  such  notification,  so  that  its  ab- 
sence from  the  journals  I  have  quoted,  can- 
not be  taken  as  conclusive  evidence  upon 
this  point.  At  all  events,  we  may  rest  as- 
sured that  such  imported  silverware,  if 
such  there  were,  never  received  the  silver- 
smith's stamp  of  Paul  Revere. 

We  learn  from  Allen's  American  Bio- 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

graphical  Dictionary  that  Revere  or  Ri- 
voire — as  the  name  was  written  by  his  an- 
cestors in  France,  and  also  for  some  time 
after  they  had  emigrated  to  this  country, — 
was  of  Huguenot  descent,  and  was  born 
in  Boston,  where  he  died  in  May,  1 8 1 8, 
at  the  age  of  83.  He  was  his  father's 
eldest  son  and  was  brought  up  to  the 
paternal  trade  of  gold-  and  silver-smith. 
It  is  said  that  he  engraved  not  only  the 
graceful  designs  we  find  upon  the  silver 
plate  which  bears  the  coveted  mark  of 
P.  REVERE  or  simply  REVERE  as  it  oc- 
casionally appears — but  also  the  wreaths, 
garlands  and  medallions  which  ornament 
many  of  the  cups,  spoons,  tankards,  sal- 
vers, tureens,  teapots  and  porringers  manu- 
factured by  other  Boston  silversmiths  of 
the  period.  Thus,  by  a  natural  process  of 
evolution,  he  acquired,  as  many  a  self-taught 
engraver  before  and  since  his  time  has  done, 
a  knowledge — rudimentary,  it  is  true — of 
the  art  of  chalcography. 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

One  of  Revere's  first  engravings  is  re- 
puted to  have  been  a  portrait  of  his  friend 
and  spiritual  guide,  ^ke  d&ev'd  Jonathan 
Sffiaykew,  3).  £>„  gattot  of  the  ^eAt 
@kutck  in  S&oAton.  This  portrait,  it  is  as- 
serted, was  prefixed  to  one  of  the  doctor's 
numerous  printed  sermons ;  but  I  have 
been  unable  to  verify  this  statement  by 
ocular  proof.  The  New  York  Historical 
Society  possesses  a  number  of  Dr.  May- 
hew's  sermons  in  the  original  editions, 
but  none  of  them  contains  this  alleged 
portrait,  and  Mr.  Sidney  L.  Smith  of  Bos- 
ton, one  of  the  last  and  best  of  our  steel-  and 
copper-plate  engravers,  whom  I  regard  as 
an  authority  upon  Paul  Revere  and  his  en- 
graving, writes  me  that  he  can  discover 
no  trace  of  its  whereabouts :  so  that  I  have 
grown  sceptical  in  regard  to  its  existence 
and  a  little  weary  in  the  chase  for  this  elu- 
sive will-o'-the-wisp  of  an  effigy  of  the 
eminent  New  England  divine. 

It  is  in  the  year  1765  that,  aside  from 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

this  portrait  of  Dr.  Mayhew,  we  first  hear 
of  Revere  as  an  engraver.  In  this  year 
he  engraved  the  music  score  in  a  "  Collec- 
tion of  Psalm  Tunes"  published  by  him 
and  Josiah  Flagg  in  Fish  Street,  at  the 
North  End  of  Boston.  Then  followed  a 
succession  of  engravings  which  embraced 
a  wide  variety  of  subjects — "Harmonies 
for  Singing  Schools"  embellished  with 
quaint  frontispieces,  Caricatures,  Allegori- 
cal pieces,*  Masonic,  and  other  Certifi- 
cates, Bill-heads,  Seals,  Book  and  Maga- 
zine illustrations,  and  Continental  paper 
money.  "When,  in  the  struggle  for  in- 
dependence, the  province  of  Massachu- 
setts resorted  to  a  paper  currency  and  ac- 
cepted bankruptcy  as  a  part  of  the  price 
to  be  paid  for  civil  liberty,"  j-  Revere  not 


*  "  Buried  with  Him  by  Baptism."  The  copy  of  this  rare 
allegorical  engraving  which  is  here  reproduced,  was  sold  in  Dr. 
Charles  E.  Clark's  sale,  Boston,  January,  1901,  for  $31.00, 
and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Edwin  B.  Holden,  of  New 
York. 

•j-  Bryant's  Popular  History  of  the  United  States. 
14 


BURIED  WITH  HIM  BYBAPTISM 


r^s-itT-  i 

?Ji  ^Mii^: 

!X\   ^.ster-i  §•*  3 

\  l.vI^tHii 


-     ^  ^  ^  o  c  "I  5  m  C 

"    5  ^  ^  *.*>  "t*  "  s  " 
KvSH&.Slil 

sX  :;fe|j||i.i 

••      M.       c.Swaiwc 


I 'la 

cliffi 

y* 


m 


I  ail;3ij<«i 

^   s?^!*2^!^ 

V|«|jd«li 

t«^  u.»^-^a« 

'&Jsri-t 

5  '  j     §-•  I"*1* 
i  -sf  c'^'S-S  '25 

«  ^-B.iji'c  «-E3 


^jfl«S.JlI. 

[|«*»il2^f 

Pi'lUlu 

s«Hfi*lf!?" 

ll@i11|L 

tA  •  rs«|»ifc'Ofr'i** 


^  V 

J  I 

li 

^U' 


t:-^ffJ^1s^»*^i*-^"vVn^ 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

only  engraved  the  plates,  but  made  the 
press  and  printed  the  promissory  notes  of 
the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  as  well  as 
some  of  the  earliest  of  the  Bills  of  Credit 
authorized  by  the  Continental  Congress, 
and  they  are  far  more  creditable  examples 
of  the  arts  of  engraving  and  typography 
than  are  the  3^  x  2^  inch  Continental 
notes  "it  was  death  to  counterfeit"  which 
David  Hall  (Dr.  Franklin's  old  business 
associate)  and  William  Sellers,  his  partner, 
supplied  to  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania 
as  well  as  Revere's  native  State  at  a  later 
period.  By  the  year  1780  Hall  and  Sellers 
appear  to  have  become  the  Congressional 
printers,  and  were  manufacturing  a  large 
proportion  of  the  paper  money  of  the  sev- 
eral United  Colonies.  The  border  and 
headline  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Treas- 
urer s  Note,  here  reproduced,  is,  however, 
said  to  have  been  engraved  by  Revere.  It 
is  made  payable  to,  and  endorsed  on  the 
back  by  him.  The  body  of  the  note  is  evi- 

19 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 


dently  in  letter-press.  It  is  10%  x 
inches  in  size,  and  is  printed  on  fairly 
well-made  paper.  For  the  sake  of  com- 
parison we  have  also  reproduced  both  the 
face  and  the  reverse  side  of  one  of  the 
Continental  notes  turned  out  by  the  cele- 
brated Philadelphia  typographers. 

Revere's  military  experience  began  when 
"the  continent  was  still  young  in  the 
study  and  practice  of  arms,"  in  the  war 
of  1756,  between  England  and  France, 
during  which  he  held  a  lieutenantcy  in 
a  Company  of  Artillery,  in  the  expedition 
against  Crown  Point,  and  was  stationed 
through  the  summer  of  that  year  at  Fort 
William  Henry,  on  Lake  George.  He 
returned  to  Boston,  and  was  married  in 
1757,*  and  no  other  of  war's  alarms  ap- 
pears to  have  disturbed  the  even  tenor  of  his 
life  until  the  conflict  between  Great  Britain 


*  His  first  wife,  Sarah  Orne,  died  May  3,  1773,  and  in 
October  of  the  same  year  he  married  a  Miss  Rachel  Walker, 
of  Boston.  E.  H.  Goss's  "  Life  of  Revere,"  Vol.  I,  pages 
109  to  in. 


Bute  of  Mafacfyfetts-Bay. 


No. .  r/FEA^T  DOLLARS^ 

npH  E  Poffcflbr  o]      «;#  xjfc  *  /*  j»*<ffl 

TWENTY  SpanHhVv*  DOLLARS  Jy  theg 
Thirty-firft  Day  of  Dtnmktrt  One  Thoufand  SeverfHua-^ 


dred  a»d  ligkty-fix,  witk  Intereft  in  like  MoneyAjt  thej 
Rate  offiviftr  Ctntumftr  Ax***tt  by  the  State  qffiafa- 
cJmfitH'M^ft  according  to  an  Act  of  the  LegiHaturej^if  the 
faid  State,  «f  tko  Fiik  Day  of  May,  1780. 


PAUL     REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

and  her  North  American  colonies  fore- 
shadowed its  approach.  He  was  one  of 
the  party  which  planned  the  destruction 
of  the  tea  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  band  disguised  as  "  Mohawks" 
whose  praises  have  been  sounded  loud  and 
long  in  song  and  story,  which,  at  sunset, 
on  the  29th  of  November,  1773,  boarded 
the  three  East  India  Company's  tea  ships 
in  the  harbor,  and  in  less  than  three  hours 
on  that  memorable  night,  broke  open  three 
hundred  and  forty-two  chests  of  the  "  best 
Bobea"  and  emptied  their  contents  into 
the  waters  of  the  Bay. 

cargo  came !  ana  toljo  coula  blame 
ei?eu  tlje  tea, 

,  riirst  bv  clirst,  let  Uoum  tin*  same 
1  mo  tlir  laughing  sra  ? 
/-or  UJliat  auail  tlir  plough  or  sail 
<&r  lanu  or  life,  if  freeoom  fail? " 

After  the  British  evacuation,  Revere 
became  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  a  regiment 
of  artillery  raised  for  the  defence  of  his 

*3 


PAUL    REVERE 

native  State,  and  he  was  one  of  the  "up- 
wards of  thirty  North-End  citizens,  chiefly 
mechanics,"  who,  in  the  winter  of  1775, 
formed  themselves  into  a  committee  and 
patrolled  the  streets  of  the  "  distressed  town 
of  Boston"  to  watch  the  movements  of  the 
Tories  and  the  British  forces.  This  little 
band  of  patriots  held  their  secret  meetings 
at  the  GREEN  DRAGON  TAVERN,  in  Union 
Street,  a  famous  hostelry  in  Revolutionary 
times,  much  frequented  by  those  whose 
sympathies  were  on  the  side  of  the  Col- 
onies. 

The  story  of  the  midnight  ride  of  Paul 
Revere  from  Charlestown  to  the  "rude 
bridge  that  arched  the  flood"  at  Concord 
town  where 

"  -  once  tlje  embattled  farmers 


ftreo  ttye  sfyot  IjearD  round  tjie  toorU)," 
has  become,  through  Longfellow's  lines* 
as  familiar  to  his  countrymen  as  a  house- 
hold word.      It  had   been  arranged  that 
if   the    British     troops    sallied    forth    at 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

night  by  water,  to  seize  and  destroy  the 
guns,  munitions  and  stores  at  Concord, 
two  lanterns  would  be  shown  as  a  signal 
in  the  North  Church  *  steeple.  If  they 
went  out  by  land,  only  one  lantern  was  to 
be  displayed. 

On  Tuesday  evening,  April  18,  1775, 
Dr.  Joseph  Warren,  the  ardent  patriot, 
— who  was  destined  within  two  short 
months  j-  to  lay  down  his  life  for  his  coun- 
try on  the  brow  of  Bunker  Hill,  "  the 
first  great  martyr  to  the  national  cause," 
— discovered,  in  Boston,  that  the  troops 
were  to  be  moved  at  once,  and  marched 
to  Lexington  and  Concord.  He  sent 
in  great  haste  for  Revere,  and  besought 
him  to  set  off  immediately  for  Lexington, 


*  The  spire  upon  which  the  lanthorns  were  hung  is,  accord- 
ing to  Justin  Winsor,  a  matter  of  dispute,  "  Revere' s  North 
Church  being  considered  by  some  to  have  been  the  Church  in 
North  Square,  Boston,  pulled  down  by  the  British  during  the 
siege,  and  by  others  the  present  Christ  Church,  and  it  is  upon 
the  latter  that  the  tourist  to-day  is  shown  an  inscription  identi- 
fying that  building  with  the  event." 

•j-  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17,  1775. 


PAUL    REVERE 

where  were  "King"  Hancock  and  Samuel 
Adams,  to  "acquaint  them  of  the  move- 
ments." This  Revere  did,  first  calling,  as 
his  own  narrative*  relates,  upon  a  friend 
and  desiring  him  to  set  the  prearranged 
signals.  It  is  contended  by  some  that  the 
lanterns  were  displayed  by  sexton  Robert 
Newman,  but  Revere  in  his  Narrative  is 
silent  upon  this  point,  and  the  honor  of 
having  performed  the  hazardous  service  of 
"hanging  out  the  signals  for  the  guidance 
of  Major  Paul  Revere  on  the  night  of  the 
1 8th  of  April,  A.  D.  1775,"  is  stoutly 
claimed  for  Revere's  intimate  friend  Cap- 
tain John  Pulling,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
a  member  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  and 
a  vestry-man  of  Christ  Church,  j- 

Crossing  the  Charles  River,  "a  little  to 
the  eastward  where  the  'Somerset*  lay,"  in 

*  In  1798  Revere  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Corresponding  Secre- 
tary of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  containing  remin- 
iscences relating  principally  to  the  events  of  his  ride  on  the  night 
of  April  1 8,  1775.  (Collections  of  the  Society,  First  Series, 
Vol.  V.)  This  narrative  is  also  copied  in  part  in  Dunlap's 
Arts  of  Design,  Vol.  I,  p.  150,  and  in  full  in  the  Worcester 


26 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

a  boat  with  muffled  oars,  manned  by  two 
friends,  Revere  was  landed  on  the  Charles- 
town  side.  Deacon  John  Larkin,  a  friend 
of  the  cause,  supplied  him  with  a  "  very 
good  horse,"  the  "night  was  very  pleasant," 
and  at  eleven  o'clock,  "when  the  lanterns 
flashed  forth  their  warning  light,"  Revere 
started  on  the  eventful  ride  which,  in  Long- 
fellow's poetical  rendering  of  it  in  the 
"Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn,"  has  given  im- 
mortal fame  to  the  name  of  Paul  Revere. 
Long  years  ago  Longfellow's  ballad  became 
one  of  the  special  favorites  of  the  school- 
boy orator.  Every  Master  Hopeful  who 
has  reached  the  spouting  age  can  recite 
off-hand  the  stirring  martial  lines  of  Hal- 
leek's  "Marco  Bozzaris"  or  Longfellow's 
"Ride  of  Paul  Revere,"  but  they  may 


Magazine  and  Historical  Journal,  1825  and  1826,  from  which 
latter  short-lived  periodical  (only  1 8  monthly  parts  were  ever 
issued)  the  copy  in  the  Appendix  is  taken. 

•j-  See  the  account  of  "  Paul  Revere's  signal:  "  "  The  True 
Story  of  the  'Signal  Lanterns'  in  Christ  Church,  Boston," 
in  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  Proceedings,  1876-77, 
pp.  164-169,  by  John  Lee  Watson,  of  Orange,  N.  J. 


PAUL    REVERE 


have  grown  faint  in  the  memories  of  some 
of  us  elder  folk  and  they  will  bear  repeti- 
tion. We  can  allow  space  here,  however, 
only  for  the  opening  and  closing  lines  of 
Longfellow's  noble  poem. 


Hebere's 

ilisten,  nt£  children,  anD  pou  sljall  tjear 
<®f  the  miDnigljt  riDe  of  patil  Ueucre, 
t\)t  eigljteentf)  of  #pril  in  £>etoent£;fii)e 
a  man  is  noto  alibe 
remembers  tljat  famous  Da^  anD  pear, 


saiD  to  Ijis  frienu,  *4  31f  tlje  Britislj  marcfc 
lano  or  sea  from  tlje  toton  tomigljt, 

a  lantern  aloft  in  tye  belfry  arclj 
©f  tlje  jjiortl)  Cljurclj  totoer  as  a  signal  ligljt 
<Dnet  if  bv  land,  anD  ttoo,  if  bv  sea  ; 
0nD  51  on  tlje  opposite  sftore  toill  be, 
to  riDe  anD  spreaD  tlir  alarm 

eber^  ^piDDlesejc  tillage  anD  farm, 
5For  tlje  country-folk  to  be  up  anD  to  arm," 


*         * 
28 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 


through  djr  nigbt  roDe  lentil  Urticrr  ; 
00  tijrougl)  tljr  nigijt  toent  Ijist  crp  of  alarm 

etoen>  $)iDDle0eu  tillage  anD  form,— 
a  cr^  of  Defiance  ano  not  of  fear, 
0  twice  in  ttje  Darfenc  00,  a  knock  at  tlje  Door, 
0nft  a  toorD  that  shall  ecljo  for  evermore  ! 
ifor,  borne  on  tl)e  nigljt  tninD  of  t^e  ^a«, 
^Ijrougt)  all  our  btetors  to  t|ie  la«t, 
3fln  t^e  Ijour  of  Darbne00,  anD  peril,  anD  neeD, 
(Thr  people  shall  ma  Urn,  anD  listen  to  I)  car 
(E&e  tmrrping  ^oof^beaw  of  tljat  0teeD, 

me00age  of  ^aul  Kebere. 


CHAPTER  II 

TRIL  10, 1776.  Up  (old]  Cornhill 
[now  the  lower  part  of  Washing- 
ton Street]  past  the  shop  of  Paul 
Revere,  that  intrepid  patriot  and  skillfull 
mechanic."  So  is  made  to  write  that  ficti- 
tious maiden,  charming  Dorothy  Dudley, 
inscribing  in  her  diary  *  the  sights  and  in- 
cidents of  her  first  walk  through  the  streets 
of  Boston  after  the  forced  departure,  in  the 
preceding  month,  of  the  ten  thousand  British 
veterans — who  had  been  "cooped  up"  in 
the  town  through  the  long  New  England 
winter  by  Washington's  "ill-fed,  ill-armed, 


*  "The  Cambridge  of  1776."     Cambridge,  Mass.,  1876. 
30 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

raw  militiamen," — and  the  simultaneous 
embarkation  of  the  loyalists  to  take  refuge 
in  "Halifax,  London,  and  elsewhere." 
Even  if  the  wooden  shutters  had  already 
been  taken  down  from  Revere's  show  win- 
dow, it  could  hardly  have  made  a  very 
brave  display  of  bijoutry  and  silverware  on 
this  occasion.  Trade  in  the  luxuries  of 
life  must  have  languished  in  the  belea- 
guered town  of  Boston,  and  Revere  had 
had  other  and  sterner  work  to  do,  but  we 
doubt  not  that  his  hand  retained  its  cun- 
ning, although  it  may  have  fallen  out  of 
practice. 

The  silverware  of  Paul  Revere  is  of  ex- 
cellent workmanship,  and  chaste  in  form, 
evidently  modeled  after  English  eighteenth- 
century  designs,  and  the  great  variety  * 
of  pieces  of  plate  manufactured  by  him 

*  "  Tankards,  pitchers,  tea-pots,  spoons,  snuff-boxes,  spec- 
tacle-bows, sugar  baskets,  ewers,  salvers,  porringers,  tureens, 
braziers,  knee  and  shoe  buckles,  candlesticks,  chafing  dishes, 
spatulas,  etc.,  etc."  E.  H.  Goss's  "Life  of  Col.  Paul 
Revere,"  Vol.  II,  p.  519. 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

and  now  so  eagerly  sought  for  by  collec- 
tors are  good  examples  of  the  style  at 
present  so  generally  in  favor,  to  which 
we  have  given  the  euphonious  name  Col- 
onial. The  simple  classical  forms  adopted 
by  our  artisans  at  a  period  when  art  in  this 
country  was  still  in  its  infancy,  strangely 
enough  have  never  been  improved  upon 
by  their  successors,  and  by  reverting  to 
them  in  these  latter  days,  our  silversmiths 
as  well  as  our  cabinet-makers  are  display- 
ing good  sense  as  well  as  an  improved 
taste;  but  in  this  mechanical  age  they 
stamp  or  saw  out  their  patterns  in  unlimited 
quantities  by  machinery,  and  do  not,  as  of 
yore,  hammer  or  carve  them  laboriously, 
piece  by  piece,  by  hand;  and  therein  lies 
a  distinction  and  a  difference. 

There  appears  to  have  been,  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic,  in  Revolutionary  days, 
and  the  stormy  times  that  immediately 
preceded  them,  the  usual  propensity  for 

3* 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

caricature  and  allegory  that  marks  every 
exciting  period  in  the  history  of  a  civilized 
people.  The  "London  Magazine"  1774-5, 
contains  a  number  of  these  grotesque  and 
generally  coarse  and  clownish  conceits,  in- 
spired by  the  political  conditions  existing 
in  America,  several  of  which  were  copied 
by  Revere  for  "  The  Royal  American  Mag- 
azine" the  last  periodical  established  in 
Boston  prior  to  the  Revolution. 

In  1765  Revere  engraved  an  allegorical 
picture,  emblematical  of  the  greatly  dis- 
turbed condition  of  affairs  in  America  con- 
sequent upon  the  passage  of  the  Stamp  Act 
in  January  of  that  year,  and  the  determina- 
tion of  the  American  people  to  resist  its 
enforcement.  In  commemoration  of  the 
repeal  of  this  obnoxious  law,  fraught  with 
such  momentous  and  far-reaching  conse- 
quences to  the  British  Empire,  but  which, 
says  Green,  in  his  "  History  of  the  English 
People,"  "passed  through  both  houses  of 
Parliament  with  less  opposition  than  a  turn- 

35 


PAUL    REVERE 

pike  bill,"  *  Revere  engraved,  the  follow- 
ing year,  another  plate,  "A  VIEW  of  the 
OBELISK  erected  under  LIBERTY  TREE,  in 
BOSTON,  on  the  Rejoicings  for  the  Repeal  of 
the  Stamp -Act."  (February  22,  1766.) 
Before  the  intention  to  place  this  obelisk 
under  the  Liberty  Tree  could  be  carried 
out,  the  structure  was  accidentally  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

The  Boston  Liberty  Tree  was  a  fine 
old  elm,  that  stood,  so  Mr.  Goss  tells  us, 
"on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Essex 
Streets."  Other  liberty  trees  were  set 
apart  in  various  sections  of  the  country, 
and  we  find  an  Ode  to  these  altars  of 
freedom  around  which  the  Liberty  boys 


*  "Issued  under  the  Act  of  1765.  It  was  the  resistance  to 
this  impost  on  the  part  of  the  American  Colonies,  that  brought 
about  their  separation  from  the  mother  country.  On  a  public 
occasion  once  in  an  after  dinner  speech  on  April  19,  1850,  Mr. 
Edward  Everett,  holding  up  a  specimen  of  the  stamp  said,  *  Yes 
Sir,  that  bit  of  dingy  blue  paper,  stamped  with  the  two  and  six- 
pence sterling,  created  the  United  States  of  America,  and  cost 
Great  Britain  the  brightest  jewel  in  her  crown.'  " — Dr.  Samuel 
A.  Greeny  in  bis  "  Groton  during  the  Revolution,"  p.  189. 

36 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

rallied  and  held  their  convocations,  in  the 
"Pennsylvania  Magazine"  for  July,  1775, 
written  by  Thomas  Paine  (author  of  the 
"Age  of  Reason  "),  who  at  the  time  was 
the  editor  of  this  now  scarce  and  much 
coveted  pre-revolutionary  periodical.  The 
Ode  is  signed  "  Atlanticus,"  and  we  have 
a  taste  of  its  highly  epical  flavor  in  this, 
the  first,  stanza: 

€ree 


of  tbe  4BreeM  " 

a  chariot  of  Ugtjt,  from  tlje  region*  of  ttje  Dap, 

Or  aoDDrss  of  L  tbrrtv  came* 
<T  rn  tijottsauD  crlrstials1  DtrecteD  tljr  luav, 

0nD  Ijttljrr  conDuctrD  rlir  Damr. 
0  fair  buDDing  branch  from  tlir  garften*  abour, 

C.C.I  lif  IT  millions'  until  millions  agree, 
^I)f  brought  in  hrr  ijanD  as  a  pledge  of  lirr  lobe, 
tty  plant  0fce  nameD  Liberty  Tree. 


Revere's  celebrated  but  repulsive  cari- 
cature "THE  RESCINDERS"  appeared  in 
1768,  and  in  1770  he  published  one  of 
his  most  important  engravings,  "A  View 

37 


PAUL    REVERE 

of  Boston,'*  with  a  ribbon  or  scroll  inscrip- 
tion running  entirely  across  the  top  of  the 
plate  and  bearing  the  legend,  "  A  VIEW 
OF  PART  OF  THE  TOWN  OF 
BOSTON  IN  NEW  ENGLAND  AND 
BRITISH  SHIPS  OF  WAR  LAND- 
ING THEIR  TROOPS,  1768,"*  and 
the  following  lettering  at  the  foot : 

In  the  right-hand  corner,  within  an 
ornamental  border,  this  dedication  : 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Hillsborough  His  MAJ- 
ESTYS  Sect*  of  State  for  America,  THIS  VIEW 
of  the  only  'well  Plan  d  EXPEDITION  formed 
for  supporting  ye  dignity  of  BRITAIN  and 
chastising  f  insolence  of  AMERICA  is  hum- 
bly Inscribed." 

Below  the  engraving  is  the  following 
key  and  inscription : 


1  Beaver  5  Mermaid 

2  Senegal  6  Romney 

3  Martin  7  Launceton 

4  Glasgow  8  Bonetta 


A  Long  Wharf 

B  HANCOCK'S   Wharf 

C  North  Battery 


*  The  Boston  Evacuation  Memorial,  Boston,  1876,  has  at 
page  1 8  a  heliotype  reproduction  of  this  print  on  a  reduced 
scale. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

"  On  fry  day,  Sept"  jo?1*  1768,  the  Ships 
of  WAR,  armed  Schooners,  Tranf ports,  &c. 
Came  up  the  Harbour  and  Anchored  round 
the  TOWN  :  their  Cannon  loaded,  a  Spring  on 
their  Cables,  as  for  a  regular  Siege.  At 
noon  on  Saturday  October  the  I"  the  four- 
teenth and  twenty-ninth  Regiments,  a  detach- 
ment from  the  5Q'b  Reg'  and  Train  of  Artil- 
lery, with  two  pieces  of  Cannon,  landed  on  the 
Long  Wharf:  there  Formed  and  Marched 
with  infolent  Parade,  Drums  beating,  Fifes 
playing,  and  Colours  flying,  up  KING  STREET. 
Each  Soldier  having  received  16  rounds  of 
Powder  and  Ball.  ENGRAVED,  PRINTED, 
&  SOLD  BY  PAUL  REVERE,  BOSTON."  * 

The  foregoing  inscription  and  the  ded- 
ication to  Lord  Hillsborough  express  sen- 
timents so  diametrically  opposed  to  each 
other  that  they  must  certainly  have  been 
penned  by  two  different  hands,  and  con- 
sidering, as  has  been  remarked  by  a  pre- 

*  A  photo-lithographic  "fac-simile,"  slightly  colored,  of 
this  print  was  published,  probably  in  1868,  by  Alfred  L.  Sewell, 
Chicago,  111.  ("  Done  by  the  Western  Bank  Note  and  En- 
graving Company.")  A  copy  is  in  the  Bostonian  Society. 

39 


PAUL    REVERE 

vious  writer,  "the  contradiction  between 
these  statements,  it  may  be  a  question 
whether  the  impressions  issued  in  1768 
bore  the  second  inscription." 

An  advertisement  of  this  print  appeared 
in  The  Boston  Gazette  and  County  Jour- 
nal, April  1 6,  1770  (see  Goss,  Vol.  I,  page 
80),  and  the  copy  of  it  in  the  Bostonian 
Society  is  in  its  original  frame  of  ebonized 
wood,  the  backing  boards  of  which  are 
fastened  in  with  strips  of  this  same  old- 
time  newspaper,  upon  which  appears  the 
date  of  May  6,  1770.  The  coloring  of 
this  print  is  unusually  well  done  (espe- 
cially the  tinting  of  the  sky)  by  one  Chris- 
tian Remick — for  an  account  of  whom 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  extract  in  the 
Appendix,  from  Vol.  XLVII  of  the  New 
England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Re- 
gister. Unfortunately  parts  of  this  print 
are  in  a  very  dilapidated  state. 

Another  copy  of  this  print,  also  in  poor 
condition,  is  in  the  Lenox  Library  (Em- 

40 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

met  Collection).  It  measures 
inches,  including  the  inscriptions.  This 
copy  is  likewise  colored  by  hand,  as  is  so 
frequently  the  case  with  Revere's  prints. 

The  ruinous  state  into  which  many 
of  the  engravings  of  pre-revolutionary 
times  have  fallen,  is  owing,  in  a  consider- 
able degree,  to  the  practice  which  pre- 
vailed in  those  primitive  days,  of  pasting 
them  on  a  board  and  covering  them  with 
a  thick  coat  of  balsam  or  varnish.  This 
appears  to  have  been  the  customary 
method  of  stretching,  and  preparing  a 
print  to  be  framed.  It  has  proved  a  very 
detrimental  and  destructive  one. 

The  copper-plate  of  Revere's  View  of 
Boston  and  Landing  of  the  Troops,  cut 
down  about  four  inches  on  the  left-hand 
side  and  an  inch  at  the  bottom,  is  now  in 
"charge  of  the  Secretary  of  Massachusetts, 
having  been  used  for  the  issue  of  the  con- 
tinental currency."  A  few  modern  im- 
pressions from  it,  without  the  inscription, 

41 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

are  to  be  met  with  in  the  channels  of 
trade.*  A  small  woodcut  copy  of  it  ap- 
pears in  Edes  &  Gill's  North  American 
Almanack,  Boston,  1770,  and  is  repro- 
duced in  Winsor's  "  Narrative  and  Critical 
History  of  America,"  Vol.  VI,  page  81. 

A  smaller  copper-plate  of  this  same 
View  of  the  Town  of  Boston,  extended 
further  south,  was  engraved  by  Revere  for 
the  first  number  of,  "  The  Royal  American 
Magazine"  Boston,  1774,  the  inscription 
being  changed  to  read : 

"A  VIEW  OF  THE  TOWN  OF 
BOSTON  WITH  SEVERAL  SHIPS 
OF  WAR  IN  THE  HARBOUR." 


*  The  engraving  upon  the  back  of  this  plate  is  thus  described  : 
"  Eight  figures  in  the  uniform  of  the  colonial  minute  man.  In 
his  right  hand,  a  sword;  in  his  left,  a  scroll  upon  which  is  the  word 
'  Independence.'  Above  the  figure  is  the  legend  « Issued  in  de- 
fence of  American  liberty '  and  below,  the  present  motto  of  the 
State  of  Massachusetts,  '  Ense  petit,  etc.,  etc.'  In  each  case 
scratches  have  been  made  through  the  face  of  the  figure  and  the 
words  on  the  scroll,  as  if  to  prevent  their  further  use.  There  is 
also  a  further  inscription  above  the  figure,  and  the  date  of  issue 
below,  which  have  been  mutilated." 

4* 


. 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

These  eighteenth  -  century  Views  of 
Boston,  by  Revere  were  not  the  first  that 
had  been  engraved.  They  were  preceded 
more  than  twenty  years  by  the  quaint  and 
exceedingly  scarce  copper-plate  which  em- 
bellishes the  title-page  of  "  The  Ameri- 
can Magazine  and  Historical  Chronicle  " 
(Boston,  1744,)  engraved  by  J.  Turner,* 
one  of  our  early  engravers,  for  a  mention 
of  whose  name  you  will  search  in  vain 
through  the  pages  of  Dunlap's  "  History 
of  the  Arts  of  Design  in  the  United 
States,"  although  he  was  a  contemporary 
of,  and  as  capable  an  artist,  if  not  so  cele- 
brated a  character,  as  Paul  Revere,  of 
whom  Dunlap  gives  a  lengthy  biographi- 
cal notice. 

One  of  the  earlier  representations  of  the 

*  There  is  a  copy  of  this  engraving  in  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society  and  another  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  John  P. 
Woodbury  of  Boston.  A  photogravure  copy  of  Mr.  Wood- 
bury's  print  was  used  as  a  frontispiece  in  the  Catalogue  of  the 
Exhibition  of  rare  and  choice  books  and  prints  held  on  its  tenth 
anniversary,  February  17-24,  1897,  by  the  Club  of  Odd  Vol- 
umes of  Boston. 

45 


PAUL    REVERE 

town  of  Boston,  from  the  hand  of  a  native 
artist  is  the  Plan  engraved  by  Thos.  John- 
ston, Boston,  N.  E.,  and  inscribed  by  Will 
Burgis  to  William  Burnet,  Esq.,  who  was 
Governor  of  New  York  from  1720  to 
1728,  and  was  then  transferred  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  Massachusetts  and  New  Hamp- 
shire. Burnet  died  in  Boston,  September 
7,  1729.  The  dedication  to  him,  of  this 
Plan  of  Boston,  would  appear,  therefore,  to 
settle  definitely  the  date  of  its  execution. 
The  inscription  upon  it  reads  as  follows : 

"Plan  of  Boston.     Size,  14^  x  10^.     En- 
graved by  Thos.  Johnston,  Boston,  N.  E. 

I'o  his  Excellency 
Mtlltam  Burtm,  dEsfq*, 

This  Plan  of 

HBoSton  in  jfeeto  dBnglanD  is  humbly  Dedicated  by 
His  Excellency's  most  obedient  and  humble  servant 
Will  Burgifs." 

The  above  dedication  is  in  an  oval,  sur- 
mounted by  the  arms  and  motto  of  (prob- 
ably) Governor  Burnet,  and  supported  by 

46 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

female  figures  seated  on  a  pedestal,  upon 
the  base  of  which  are  the  words:  "BOSTON, 
N.  Engd-  Planted  MDCXXX."  Below  this 
is  a  table  or  key  to  the  buildings  in  the 
Plan  which  are  designated  by  the  letters 
of  the  alphabet. 

This  plan  is  remarkably  well  engraved 
for  the  period,  and  in  fact  will  bear  favor- 
able comparison  with  any  eighteenth-cen- 
tury copper-plate  engraving  that  exists,  of 
either  English  or  American  origin. 

The  copy  of  this  map  or  plan  (which 
may  very  possibly  be  unique),  from  which 
the  above  description  is  taken,  is  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  R.  T.  H.  Halsey  of  this 
city.* 

This  same  Thomas  Johnston  also  en- 
graved and  printed  a  picture  of  "QUEBEC 

*  Another  early  "  Map  of  the  Town  of  Boston  in  New  Eng- 
land "  is  the  one  made  by  Capt.  John  Bonner,  1722.  Engraved 
and  Printed  by  Fra  Dewing,  Boston,  N.  E.,  1722.  Sold  by 
Capt.  John  Bonner  and  Will  Price  against  ye  Town  House 
where  may  be  had  all  Sorts  of  Prints,  Mapps,  etc." 

There  is,  I  understand,  a  still  more  ancient  map  of  Boston  in 
existence  than  either  of  those  here  mentioned — dating  back  to  the 

47 


PAUL    REVERE 

THE  CAPITAL  OF  NEW  FRANCE  A 
BISHOPRICK  AND  SEAT  OF  THE  SO7- 
ERAIN  COURT,"  for  Steph.  Whiting  (no 
date  or  place).  The  only  copy  of  this 
print  (which  was  probably  engraved  in 
the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century), 
that  I  have  seen,  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr. 
William  F.  Havemeyer  of  this  city.  It  is 
an  oblong  quarto  print,  colored  by  hand, 
size  8%  x  6%  inches,  including  the  in- 
scriptions. 

There  was  quite  a  little  company  of 
these  early  American  engravers,  who  have 
been  entirely  overlooked  by  writers  upon 
the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Arts  of  Design 
in  this  country  of  ours.  The  productions 
of  these  men  are  not  masterpieces  of 
drawing  or  engraving,  but  they  were  pio- 
neers in  their  particular  domain,  and  their 

time  of  John  Foster,  the  first  Boston  printer  (1676—80).  An  ac- 
count of  this  map  is  now,  I  am  told,  in  preparation  and  will 
shortly  be  published. 

A  copy  of  Bonner's  Map,  made  in  1835  by  George  G. 
Smith,  Engraver,  Boston,  hangs  on  the  walls  of  the  Bostonian 
Society. 

48 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

work,  unskilful  as  it  may  be,  is  assuredly 
of  greater  consequence,  historically  and 
topographically  considered,  than  are  either 
the  ambitious  painted  canvases,  or  the  fin- 
ished engravings  of  many  of  the  artists  who 
have  succeeded  them,  and  whose  names  are 
better  known  to  fame,  chiefly  because  it  was 
their  good  fortune  to  live  in  an  age  which 
appreciated  its  men  of  talent  and  recorded 
their  achievements.  In  the  pioneer  days 
of  our  forefathers  a  professional  artist  was 
looked  upon  as  a  rather  useless  member  of 
the  community,  who  received  scant  con- 
sideration from,  and  was  not  held  in  very 
high  honor  by  his  practical,  hardworking, 
non-aesthetic  friends  and  neighbors. 

Original  impressions  of  the  Revere 
Views  of  Boston  are  not  found  hanging 
from  every  bush.  They  are  few  and  far 
enough  between ;  but  the  rarest  of  all 
Revere's  engravings  is  undoubtedly  the 
"  Westerly  View  of  the  Colledges  in  Cam- 
bridge New  England,"  after  a  drawing 

49 


PAUL    REVERE 

by  Josh-  Chadwick.  It  differs  from  the 
view  published  by  William  Burgis,  which 
antedates  it  by  some  forty  years,  although 
the  general  appearance  presented  by  the 
group  of  college  buildings  is  the  same.  Ac- 
cording to  Mr.  E.  H.  Goss,  the  author  of 
the  most  complete  Life  of  Revere  which 
has  yet  appeared,  only  one  original  im- 
pression of  this  engraving  is  known,  the 
one  belonging  to  the  Essex  Institute,  of 
Salem,  Mass. ;  but  I  am  informed  that 
Mr.  Z.  T.  Hollingsworth,  of  Boston,  is  the 
owner  of  a  copy  in  good  condition.  The 
plate  was  cut  in  two,  and  used  for  engrav- 
ing the  Massachusetts  paper  money,  of 
the  Revolution.  The  right-hand  section 
of  it  is  still  in  existence,  the  property  of 
the  State,  and  upon  the  back  are  the  en- 
gravings of  the  twenty  shillings,  fourteen 
shillings,  and  six  shillings  of  Massachu- 
setts Bay  Colony  Scrip.  Impressions  from 
the  half-plate  are  in  limited  circulation,* 

*  E.  H.  Goss's  "  Life  of  Colonel  Paul  Revere." 
5° 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

one  of  which,  printed  on  Whatman  writ- 
ing paper,  as  is  shown  by  the  water- 
mark, may  be  seen  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Bostonian  Society,  as  also  an  impression 
on  similar  paper,  from  the  cut-down  plate 
of  the  "Landing  of  the  Troops." 

For  information  as  to  the  engraving 
upon  the  backs  of  the  Revere  copper- 
plates now  in  the  possession  of  the  State 
of  Massachusetts  I  am  indebted  to  Mr. 
John  Woodbury  of  Boston  to  whom  the 
plates  were  recently  shown  by  Secretary  of 
State  Olin. 


CHAPTER  III 

HE  Boston  Massacre  print,  the 
most  celebrated  of  all  Revere's 
engravings,  is  cotemporaneous 
with  the  sanguinary  event  which  it  com- 
memorates. The  next  of  his  engravings 
in  chronological  order  to  which  a  date  of 
execution  can  with  accuracy  be  affixed  ap- 
pears to  be  the  two  effigies  in  "The  En- 

l  «.i/    o 

tertaining  History  of  King  Philip's  War, 
by  Thomas  Church.  Reprinted  from  the 
Boston  edition  of  1761  by  Solomon  South- 
wick,  Newport  (R.  I. ),  1772."  Then  fol- 
lowed the  illustrations  in  an  edition  of  Cap- 
tain Cook's  Voyages.  Printed  by  James 
Rivington.  New  York,  1774.  Church's 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

book  contains  an  imaginary  portrait  of 
Colonel  Benjamin  Church,  the  "  noted 
Indian  fighter  who  commanded  the  party 
by  whom  King  Philip  was  killed,"  and 
an  equally  fanciful  and  still  more  gro- 
tesque representation  of  PHILIP,  KING 
of  Mount  Hope,  engraved  by  Revere, 
which  is  probably  his  own  naive  concep- 
tion of  the  tattooed  face  and  figure  of  this 
celebrated  savage  warrior. 

Captain  Cook's  Voyages  is  embellished 
with  a  map  of  the  whole  navigation  pro- 
tracted by  B.  Romans  (another  engraver 
not  mentioned  by  Dunlap)  and  two  plates 
poorly  engraved  by  Revere, — copies  of  il- 
lustrations which  appeared  in  previous  edi- 
tions of  this  popular  work,  so  that  we 
have  here  a  book  printed  in  New  York  be- 
fore the  Revolution,  which  contains  en- 
gravings by  Paul  Revere — a  combination 
which  appeals  with  irresistible  force  to 
both  the  Boston  and  the  New  York  book- 
and  print-collector. 

53 


PAUL    REVERE 

The  following  is  a  collation  of  the 
illustrations  in  the  copies  of  this  rare  and 
curious  book  in  the  New  York  Histori- 
cal Society  and  the  collection  of  Mr. 
Edwin  B.  Holden,  of  this  city : 

TITLE : 

"A  New  Voyage  round  the  World  in 
the  Years  1768,  1769,  1770  and  1771, 
.  .  .  performed  by  Captain  James  Cook. 
By  John  Hawkesworth,  LL.D.  and  late 
Director  of  the  East  India  Company. 
In  two  volumes,  with  cutts  and  a  Map 
of  the  whole  navigation.  New  York. 
Printed  by  James  Rivington,  1774." 

PLATES : 

I.  "Dramatic    Interlude   and    Dance 
given  by  the  Indians  of  Ulieta,  performed 
by    two  women    &    6   Men  with   three 
Drums"    (signed    P.    Revere,   Sep.),  "to 
front  the  title  of  Cook's  Voyage,  Vol.  I." 

II.  Map   protracted   by    B.    Romans, 
"displaying  the  Continents  of  North  and 

54 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

South  America  and  the  greater  part  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans."  * 

"  A  New  Zealand  Warrior  in  his  proper 
Dress,  and  completely  armed";  "Two 
Natives  of  New  Holland  advancing  to 
Combat " — these  two  engravings  are  on 
one  plate — "  To  front  the  title  of  Cook's 
Voyage,  Vol.  II."  This  plate  is  not 
signed. 

Captain  Bernard  Romans,  who  pro- 
tracted the  map  in  Cook's  Voyage,  is  best 
known  as  the  author  of  "  A  Concise  Nat- 
ural History  of  East  and  West  Florida. 
Containing  an  account  of  the  natural 
produce  of  all  the  Southern  part  of  Brit- 
ish America,  in  the  three  Kingdoms  of 
Nature,  particularly  the  animal  and  vege- 
table ;  likewise  the  artificial  produce 

*  There  is  still  another  eighteenth-century  American  edition 
of  Cook's  Voyages,  entitled  "  Captain  Cook's  Three  Voyages 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean,"  etc.  Printed  at  Boston  by  Manning  & 
Loring  for  Thomas  &  Andrews  and  D.  West,  January,  1797. 
This  edition  contains  a  full-length  portrait  of  Captain  Cook 
and  seven  other  engravings  by  S.  Hill,  the  engraver  of  most  of 
the  prints  in  the  "  Massachusetts  Magazine." 

55 


PAUL    REVERE 

now  raised  or  possible  to  be  raised  and 
manufactured  there ;  with  some  commer- 
cial and  political  observations  on  that 
part  of  the  world,  and  a  chorographical 
account  of  the  same.  By  Captain  Ber- 
nard Romans.  Vol.  I.  New  York. 
Printed  for  the  Author.  MDCCLXXV." 
(The  manuscript  of  the  second  volume  of 
this  work,  which  was  never  published,  is 
said  to  be  still  in  existence.)  Volume  I 
contains  one  folded  sheet  and  ten  engrav- 
ings, including  the  frontispiece,  the  dedi- 
cation to  John  Ellis,  and  three  full-page 
maps.  Mr.  Menzies'  copy,  from  whose 
catalogue  the  foregoing  list  of  the  illus- 
trations is  taken,  brought  $175  in  1875. 
An  uncut  copy  was  sold  by  Mr.  Charles 
E.  Woodward  to  the  late  Mr.  Charles 
H.  Kalbfleisch,  many  years  ago,  for  $225, 
as  I  am  informed  by  the  vendor  himself. 

Bernard  Romans  was  also  the  engraver 
of  another  most  notable  early  American 
print,  the  "  Late  Battle  at  Charlestown," 

56 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

which  was  copied  one-half  the  size  of  the 
original  by  R.  Aitkin  in  his  "  Pennsylvania 
Magazine,"  September,  1775,  and  pre- 
sented to  his  subscribers  as  "a  very  ele- 
gant engraving." 

The  only  impression  of  Romans'  orig- 
inal engraving  of  the  "  Late  Battle  at 
Charlestown,"  that  I  can  trace,  was  one 
sold  some  years  since  by  a  New  York 
bookseller  for  $  1 1  o,  and  I  am  inclined 
to  believe  that  it  is  the  same  copy  which 
is  described  in  the  following  clipping 
from  the  catalogue  of  the  exhibition  held 
February  17-24,  1897,  by  the  "Club  of 
Odd  Volumes"  of  Boston: 

"  BATTLE  OF  BUNKER  HILL.  An  Exact  View  of 
the  Late  Battle  at  Charlestown,  June  17,  1775.  In 
which  an  advanced  party  of  about  700  Provincials 
stood  an  Attack  made  by  1 1  regiments  and  a 
train  of  Artillery,  and  after  an  engagement  of  2 
hours  retreated  to  their  main  body  at  Cambridge,  leav- 
ing eleven  hundred  of  the  enemy  killed  and  wounded 
upon  the  field.  B.  Romans,  sc. 

"  Folio,  line  engraving. 

57 


PAUL    REVERE 

"A  very  rare  contemporary  engraving,  showing 
Colonel  Prescott  on  horseback,  in  command  of  the 
American  Troops." 

I  have  gleaned  the  following  facts  in 
regard  to  Captain  Romans,  from  Duyc- 
kinck's  "  Cyclopedia  of  American  Litera- 
ture" and  E.  M.  Ruttenber's  "Obstructions 
to  the  Navigation  of  Hudson's  River;"  (J. 
Munsell,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1860):* 

Romans  was  a  Hollander  by  birth,  but 
early  in  life  emigrated  to  England,  where 
he  adopted  the  profession  of  an  engineer, 
and  in  this  capacity  was  employed  for  a 
number  of  years  prior  to  the  Revolution- 
ary War  by  the  British  Government  in  her 
Southern  American  Provinces,  and  also  as 
a  botanist  in  Florida,  with  a  pension  of 
about  ^50  sterling  per  annum. 

A  manuscript  in  Harvard  College  Li- 
brary, written  by  John  Gerard  William  de 
Brahm  mentions  Romans  as  a  draughts- 
man and  a  resident  of  Florida  from  1763 

*  Munsell's  Historical  Series,  No.  V. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

to  1771.  From  1775  to  1780  he  lived 
in  the  North,  was  engaged  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  engineer  for  the  construction  of 
Forts  Clinton  and  Montgomery,  in  the 
Highlands  of  the  Hudson  River,  and 
served  for  a  time  as  the  "  Captain  of 
a  company  of  Pennsylvania  Artillery  des- 
tined for  the  invasion  of  Canada  as  a  part 
of  the  Northern  Army."  "  In  1 780,  while 
on  his  passage  from  New  Haven  or  New 
London  to  the  South,  he  was  captured  by 
the  British,  who  refused  to  exchange  him 
as  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  he  was  carried  to 
Montego  Bay,  Jamaica,  where  he  was  held 
in  Captivity  until  the  Close  of  the  war." 
Another  account  states,  (upon  what  au- 
thority, I  know  not),  that  Romans  was 
sent  to  England  and  died  at  sea  on  his  re- 
turn home  in  1784.  The  exact  time  and 
manner  of  his  death  remain  a  mystery. 

The  latter  portion  of  this  statement  is 
taken  from  the  Deposition  of  Romans' 
widow  made  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 

59 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

a  pension.  She  died  in  i  848,  aged  89,  and 
her  miniature,  painted  by  her  husband,  is 
said  to  be  still  preserved  in  the  family  and 
to  be  beautifully  executed. 

In  the  foregoing  reference  to  Bernard 
Romans  I  have  digressed  somewhat  wide- 
ly from  my  proper  theme,  but  I  trust 
that  the  facts  which  have  been  cited  in 
relation  to  an  engraver  who  was  a  cotem- 
porary  of  and  a  co-worker  with  Paul 
Revere,  will  be  found  of  interest  to  the 
American  collector  and  not  entirely  out 
of  place  in  this  connection.  With  this 
word  of  apology  I  will  resume  the  thread 
of  my  broken  narrative. 

The  only  one  of  the  quaint  old  "  Har- 
monies" upon  which  Revere  exercised 
his  taste  and  skill,  that  I  have  had  an  op- 
portunity to  examine  is  "  The  New  Eng- 
land Psalm  Singer  or  American  Chorister" 
composed  by  Mr.  Billings,  a  native  of 
Boston,  in  N.  E.  Boston,  New  England. 
Printed  by  Edes  &  Gill  (1770).  The 

60 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

reproduction,  on  page  61,  of  the  frontis- 
piece, engraved  for  this  book  by  Revere, 
is  made  from  the  copy  belonging  to  Mr. 
E.  B.  Holden.  Whether  the  design, 
which  is  certainly  superior  to  the  execu- 
tion of  this  plate,  can  be  ascribed  to  Re- 
vere or  not,  is  an  open  question. 

This  oblong  octavo  volume,  bound  in 
sheepskin,  over  oaken  boards,  which  is  so 
pleasantly  suggestive  of  the  singing  master 
and  instructor  in  psalmody,  Ichabod  Crane, 
and  his  pupil,  the  fair  and  buxom  Katrina 
Van  Tassel,  immortalized  in  Irving's  "  Le- 
gend of  Sleepy  Hollow,"  was  aforetime 
"  Olney  'Wln.Aoi' 6  £&ook,  £&ou,t  ^une  i8tk, 
/77^'"  After  tne  Preface  and  "An  Essay 
on  the  Nature  and  Properties  of  Sound," 
there  follows  an  "  Ode  on  Music,"  from 
a  Miscellany  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Byles. 
American  anthology  furnishes  no  better 
example  of  the  metaphorical  style  of  com- 
position in  which  eighteenth -century 
writers  in  both  this  and  our  mother 

63 


PAUL    REVERE 

country  delighted  to  indulge,  than  that 
which  this  ode,  with  its  bold  and  original 
figures  of  speech,  supplies.  Hearken  ! 

DOWN  steers  tlje  Bass  toity  grabe,  gpafestic  air, 
0no  up  ttje  Treble  mounts  toitl)  sljrill  career  ; 
WSLixfy  softer  £>ounas,  in  mild  ^elouious  $j9a?e, 
Garbling  bettoeen  t^e  Tenor  gently  pla^s  ; 
JIBut  if  t&e  aspiring  Altus  foins  its  jforce, 

!  like  tlje  ILarfe,  it  M  ings  its  toto'ring  Course  ; 
'  J^armon^'s  sublimest  ^pljere  it  flies, 
to  Angelic  Accents  seems  to  rise  ; 
if  rom  tlje  bolD  J^eigljt  it  Jjails  t^e  echoing  Bass 
C2U)irlj  stoells  to  mrrt,  anu  mir  in  close  embrace. 
tD|jo'  Different  ^sterns  all  t^ie  parts  DibiDe, 
tClitl)  ^pusic'S  CtiorDS  tlje  Distant  jl^otes  are  ty'D; 
0nD  fe>v»ipatl)eticU  Strains  enchanting  unnDr 

ir  restless  Uace,  till  all  tlje  parts  are  foin'O 
rolls  tlje  Capture  t^ro'  tlje  #ir  around 

t^e  full 


The  writer  of  this  ode  I  judge  to  be 
the  poet-preacher,  Mather  Byles,  D.D., 
minister,  of  Boston,  who  died  in  1788, 
aged  82.  He  was  noted  for  his  wit  in 
conversation,  his  poetical  talents,  and  his 
Tory  proclivities,  which  made  him  an 

6+ 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

object  of  suspicion  and  watchfulness  on 
the  part  of  the  patriots  during  the  War  of 
Independence.* 

For  a  more  detailed  account  of  the 
Music  Scores  and  Frontispieces  engraved 
by  Revere  for  the  Psalm-tune,  Fugue,  and 
Anthem  books  of  Puritan  New  England 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  "  Life  of 
Revere,"  by  E.  H.  Goss,  which  I  have 
heretofore  quoted,  and  to  the  same  au- 
thority for  an  account  of  the  "  North 
Battery"  plate, j-  which  formed  the  head- 
ing for  a  certificate  of  membership  as  an 
Inlisted  MONTROSS  or  gunner's  mate  in  an 
artillery  company,  as  well  as  for  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  portrait  of  the  Lord  Protector 
Cromwell,  which  adorned  the  Bill  of 


*  See  Allen's  American  Biographical  Dictionary. 

f  A  view  of  the  South  Battery  or  Sconce  "erected  1666  at 
the  base  of  Fort  Hill  where  Rowe's  wharf  now  stands  by 
'  Maj.  Gen.  John  Leverett  afterwards  Gov.'  of  Mass." 
forms  the  heading  for  another  of  these  Montross  Certificates. 
This  print  was,  if  I  am  correctly  informed,  fac-similed  by  Mr. 
John  H.  Daniels,  recently  deceased,  (the  oldest  plate  printer  in 
Boston)  in  the  belief  that  the  plate  had  been  engraved  by  Revere. 

65 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

Cromwell's  Head  Inn,  a  famous  tavern, 
says  Mr.  Goss,  in  School  Street,  Boston, 
which  was  standing  until  1888.  The 
copper-plate  of  the  "  North  Battery,"  (with 
the  portion  which  bore  the  inscription 
missing),  is  still  in  existence,  and  modern 
impressions  from  it  are  occasionally  offered 
for  sale.  I  am  told  that  they  have  the  same 
genesis  as  the  restrikes  from  the  Boston 
Massacre  plate,  a  reference  to  which  will 
be  found  further  on  in  these  pages. 


CHAPTER   IV 

F  all  eighteenth-century  illustra- 
ted American  magazines,  the 

most  difficult  to  secure  in  sound 
condition  and  containing  all  the  plates 
(although  the  publisher  informs  us  that 
in  its  day  it  had  a  "handsome  list  of 
subscribers,"  and  there  must  have  been 
an  edition  of  several  hundred  copies 
printed)  is  THE  ROYAL  AMERICAN  MAG- 
AZINE published  in  Boston  in  1774— 
75  *  by  Joseph  Greenleaf  and  "the  father 
and  patron,"  as  he  has  been  justly  styled, 

*  Feby.  7,  1774,  "This  day  the  Royal  American  Maga- 
zine published  for  the  first  (time)  (by  I.  Thomas)." — Diary  of 
Mr.  Thomas  Newell  published  in  Massachusetts  Historical  So- 
ciety Proceedings  for  1876-77. 

67 


PAUL    REVERE 

of  the  art  of  printing  in  Massachusetts, 
Isaiah  Thomas.  Thomas's  "History  of 
Printing  in  America,"  first  published  about 
a  century  ago,  is  still  regarded  as  an  au- 
thority, and  the  best  work  on  the  subject, 
so  far  as  it  goes,  extant  to-day. 

The  following  collation  of  the  illustra- 
tions in  "  The  Royal  American  Magazine  " 
was  kindly  furnished  me  some  years  ago 
by  the  Librarian  of  Yale  University, 
which  venerable  institution  of  learning 
(now  preparing  for  its  Bi-Centennial  cele- 
bration in  October  next),  is  the  fortunate 
possessor  of  an  uncut  copy  of  this  noted 
book  in  fine  condition,  which  came  to  it 
in  1878  from  the  library  of  Mr.  George 
Brinley  at  a  cost  of  only  $30.  It  would 
probably  bring  ten  times  that  amount  to- 
day, at  public  auction.  It  lacks  only  one 
or  two  of  the  plates  and  pages  9—12  and 

25—33  °f  t^ie  text  *n  ^e  ^rst  v°lume>  and 
it  has  a  number  of  the  pale  blue  paper 
covers,  in  which  it  was  originally  issued, 

68 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

bound  in  at  the  end — proof  positive  that 
the  book  came  from  the  library  of  a  true 
bibliophile. 

Isaiah  Thomas  states  in  his  "  History 
of  Printing"  (Vol.  II,  pp.  260-1)  that 
A  PROSPECTUS  of  "The  Royal  American 
Magazine "  appeared  many  months  be- 
fore the  periodical ;  "  but  the  disordered 
state  of  public  affairs,  and  the  difficul- 
ties which  individuals  experienced  from 
them,  prevented  it  from  being  sooner  put 
to  press;  and  after  a  few  numbers  had 
been  published,  the  distress  occasioned 
to  the  inhabitants  of  Boston  by  shutting 
up  and  blockading  their  port  obliged 
its  editor  to  suspend  the  publication."* 

*  The  bill  closing  the  port  of  Boston  against  all  commerce 
as  a  punishment  for  the  riot  in  connection  with  the  tea  ships  was 
introduced  into  Parliament  in  the  beginning  of  1774. 

On  the  ist  of  June  of  this  year  three  transports  with  troops 
on  board  arrived  at  Nantasket  road  to  "enforce  the  cruel  edict 
of  the  British  Parliament."  The  condition  of  affairs  in  the 
town  of  Boston  on  the  1 5th  of  this  month  is  graphically  and 
succinctly  described  in  the  Diary  of  Mr.  Thomas  Newell,  pub- 
lished in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  So- 
ciety, Vol.  XV.  "  Wind,  S.  E.  Wednesday;  fair}  pleasant} 

69 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

COLLATION  OF    THE     ENGRAVINGS    IN    THE 
.ROYAL  AMERICAN  MAGAZINE,  1774-75. 

VOLUME   I 
1774 

Jany.  No.  i.  A  View  of  the  Town  of  Boston 
with  Several  Ships  of  War  in  the 
Harbour. 

Jany.       "     2.     The  Thunder  Storm.     P.  Revere. 

Feb.         "     3.     Sir  Wilbraham  Wentworth. 

Feb.         "     4.     The  Night  Scene.     J.  Callender. 

Mar.  "  5.  Honourable  John  Hancock.  P.  Re- 
vere. 

Mar.       u     6.     The  Fortune  Hunter.     J.  Callender. 

Apr.         "     7.     Mr.  Samuel  Adams.     P.  Revere. 

Apr.  "  8.  The  Hill-Tops :  A  new  Hunting 
Song  (with  a  Representation  of 
the  Death  of  the  Stag).  J.  C. 

May        "     9.     An  Indian  Gazette.  * 

June  "  10.  The  able  Doctor,  or  America  Swal- 
lowing the  Bitter  Draught,  f 


P.  M.  rain  and  thunder.  A.  M.  431!  Regiment  landed  at  the 
Long  Wharf,  and  marched  to  the  common,  and  there  encamped. 
Most  of  the  stores  on  the  Long  Wharf  are  noiu  shut  up.  Thus 
are  we  surrounded  with  fleet  and  army}  the  harbor  shut,  all 
navigation  cease,  and  not  one  topsail  vessel  to  be  seen  but  those 
of  our  enemies.  Ob,  let  not  posterity  forget  our  sufferings.'''' 

*  See  Appendix.     -f-See  page  33. 

70 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

June    No.  II.     The  Hooded  Serpent. 

July  "  12.  Spanish  Treatment  at  Carthagena. 
P.  Revere. 

Aug.       "   13.     The  Method  of  Refining  Salt-Petre. 

Sept.  "  14.  An  Elegant  Engraving  of  a  Water 
Spout. 

Oct.  "  15.  The  Mitred  Minuet  *  (on  title- 
page).  The  Dancing  Bishops. 
P.  Revere. 

Nov.       "   1 6.     The  Gerbua  or  Yerboa. 

Nov.       "   17.     Mademoiselle  Clairon. 

Dec.  "  1 8.  The  Manner  that  Bees  take  their 
repose. 

Dec.  "  19.  A  Conference  held  between  some 
Indian  Chiefs  and  Colonel  Bou- 
quet in  the  year  1764. 

This  plate  is  a  copy  of  the  drawing  made  by  Ben- 
jamin West,  for  the  London  edition  (1766)  of  "  An 
Historical  Account  of  the  Expedition  against  the  Ohio 
Indians  in  the  year  MDCCLXIV,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Henry  Bouquet,  Esq.,  Colonel  of  Foot,  and 
now  Brigadier-General  in  America."  By  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Smith. 

This,  and  another  historical  engraving  with  the  title 
"  The  Indians  delivering  up  the  English  captives  to 


*  Copied  from  the  caricature  in  the  "  London  Magazine," 
I774- 

73 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

Colonel  Bouquet,  near  his  camp  at  the  Forks  of  Mus- 
kingum,  in  North  America^  in  November,  1764,"  were 
engraved  by  Grignion  and  Canot,  from  what  are  said 
to  be  the  earliest  drawings  of  Benjamin  West. 

VOLUME   II 

'775 

Jany.    No.     I.     A  certain  Cabinet  Junto.    P.  Revere. 
Feby.       "      2.      History  of  Lauretta.      P.  Revere. 
Mar.        "     3.     (America  in  Distress.) 

N.  B. — Parts  in  parenthesis  taken  from  the  title-pages.  All 
the  plates  except  the  three  signed  by  J.  Callender  were  prob- 
ably engraved  by  Paul  Revere. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  the 
letter  which  accompanied  the  foregoing 
list: 

"  In  an  Address  to  the  Subscribers 
dated  December  31,1 774,  and  printed  on 
the  same  sheet  with  the  title-page  of  Vol. 
I  occurs  this  paragraph: 

"  *  The  Magazine  for  January  1 775  will 
be  ornamented  with  a  curious  political 
frontispiece,  in  which  will  be  exhibited 
in  a  striking  light  the  Enemies  of  Ameri- 
can LIBERTY  both  civil  and  religious, 
• 

74 


a*&  C0fo 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

plotting  their  total  destruction.  AMERICA 
(described  by  a  woman  in  a  pensive  pos- 
ture) with  this  label:  "Lord  thou  did'st 
drive  out  the  heathen,  etc."  Encouraged 
by  a  voice  from  a  cloud  saying,  "  I  have 
delivered  and  will  deliver." 

"At  one  end  of  the  plate  are  the  figures 
of  the  '  Cabinet  'Junto '  at  the  other  end 
that  of  'America  in  distress!  It  seems 
to  me  quite  possible  that  the  plate  not 
being  ready  for  the  January  number  (on 
the  title  of  which  it  is  described  simply 
as  a  *  neatly  engraved  frontispiece,*)  ap- 
peared actually  in  the  March  number. 
It  is  also  possible,  of  course,  that  the  same 
subject  was  treated  twice,  and  if  a  second 
plate  turns  up  my  supposition  goes  for 
nothing." 

A  review  of  Revere's  work  as  an  en- 
graver, would  be  incomplete  without  a 
reference  to  the  book-plates  which  he 
produced — three  of  which  are  in  what  Mr. 
Charles  Dexter  Allen  calls  the  "  Chippen- 

77 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

dale"  style,  and  one — that  of  William 
Wetmore — in  the  "  Ribbon  and  Wreath." 
Mr.  Allen  in  his  work  on  American  book- 
plates, describes  four  "ex  libris" — those  of 
Gardiner  Chandler,  Epes  Sargent,  David 
Greene  and  William  Wetmore — which 
are  signed  by  Revere,  and  therefore  known 
to  be  the  work  of  his  hand.  Revere's 
own  plate  is  unsigned,  but  it  and  also  the 
"Jacobean"  plate  of  Isaiah  Thomas  were 
probably  engraved  by  Revere. 

These  book-plates  are  all  of  uncommon 
occurrence,  and  command,  when  offered 
for  sale,  prices  ranging  from  $50  upwards. 
Revere's  own  plate,  I  understand  to  be 
the  rara-avis  of  them  all.  A  fac-simile 
of  the  Epes  Sargent  plate  has  been  en- 
graved for  Arthur  Hewes  Sargent  by  Sid- 
ney L.  Smith  of  Boston. 

As  has  already  been  stated,  the  most 
noted  of  the  prints  of  Paul  Revere  is  the 
one  in  which  is  depicted  in  a  fashion 
rude,  almost  to  the  point  of  caricature,  that 


" 


. 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

sanguinary  prelude  to  the  Revolutionary 
War,  the  Boston  Massacre.  This  plate  was 
engraved  and  published  immediately  after 
the  occurrence  of  the  memorable  tragedy 
of  March  5,  1770,  in  King  Street,  now 
called  State  Street,  Boston. 

The  size  of  this  renowned  engraving, 
inclusive  of  the  inscriptions  at  the  top 
and  bottom,  is  8^x9^  inches, — of  the 
picture  alone,  8^x7%  inches.  All  the 
impressions  that  I  have  seen — aside  from 
the  one  embedded  in  Edes  &  Gills'  broad- 
side, to  which  reference  will  presently  be 
made, — are  colored  by  hand.  The  two 
primary  colors,  red  and  blue,  predominate, 
but  an  occasional  wash  of  brown  or  green 
shows  that  the  artist's  color-box  was  not 
destitute  of  other  pigments.  The  uncouth- 
ness  of  the  engraving  is  accentuated  by  the 
bizarre  effects  produced  by  the  colorist. 
Furthermore,  most  of  the  copies  in  exist- 
ence of  this  famous  print,  are  more  or  less 
stained  by  exposure  to  humidity,  or  dis- 

81 


PAUL    REVERE 

colored  by  the  fumes  of  the  kitchen  fires 
of  the  New  England  farm  houses,  on  the 
smoky  walls  of  which  they  have  hung, 
undisturbed  and  uncared  for,  these  many 
years.  Worms,  too,  have  feasted  on  them, 
but  the  sad  state  of  decrepitude  into  which 
they  have  fallen  only  causes  us  to  regard 
them  with  keener  solicitude,  and  we  suffer 
no  cleaner's  or  restorer's  hand  to  apply  to 
their  worn  and  sullied  surfaces  nostrums 
and  remedies  which  are  frequently  worse 
than  the  diseases  they  essay  to  cure.  Stains 
in  old  paper  that  a  bath  of  pure  water  will 
not  eradicate  had  better,  as  a  rule,  be  left 
alone. 

I  have  remarked  that  it  is  the  uncol- 
ored  portions  of  these  old  prints  that 
have  been  attacked  by  worms.  The  little 
creeping  things  do  not  appear  to  have  rel- 
ished the  taste  of  paint  and  probably  they 
found  it  an  unhealthful  article  of  diet. 

The  inscriptions  upon  the  Boston  Mas- 
sacre plate  are  as  follows.  Inset  in  the 

8z 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

lower  right-hand  margin  of  the  engrav- 
ing the  words: 

Engrav'd,  Printed  &  Sold  by  PAUL  REVERE,  BOSTON. 
AT  TOP 

"The  BLOODY  MASSACRE  perpe- 
trated in  King  Street,  BOSTON,  on  March  5, 
1770,  by  a  party  of  the  29  REGJ^" 

AT  FOOT 

arranged  in  three  compartments  are  the 
following  verses : 

"  Unhappy  BOSTON  !  fee  thy  Sons  deplore, 
Thy  hallow'd  Walks  befmear'd  with  guilt- 

lefs  Gore : 

While  faithlefs  P — n  and  his  favage  Bands, 
With  murd'rous  Rancour  ftretch  their  bloody 

Hands ; 

Like  fierce  Barbarians  grinning  o'er  their  Prey, 
Approve  the  Carnage  and  enjoy  the  Day. 


If  fcalding  drops  from   Rage  from  Anguish 

Wrung, 

If  fpeechlefs  Sorrows  lab'ring  for  a  Tongue, 
Or  if  a  weeping  World  can  ought  appeafe 
The  plaintive  Ghofts  of  Victims  fuch  as  thefe ; 


PAUL    REVERE 

The  Patriot's  copious  Tears  for  each  are  fhed, 
A  glorious  Tribute  which  embalms  the  Dead. 

"  But  know,  FATE  fummons  to  that  awful  Goal, 
Where  JUSTICE  ftrips  the   Murd'rer  of  his 

Soul : 

Should  venal  C — ts,  the  fcandal  of  the  Land, 
Snatch  the  relentlefs  Villain  from  her  Hand, 
Keen  Execrations  on  this  Plate  infcrib'd, 
Shall    reach    a   JUDGE    who    never    can    be 

brib'd." 


unkappy  <$uffeietA  we%e  cffloetf- 
SAM-  GRAY,  SAM=  MAVERICK,  JAM- 
CALDWELL,  CRISPUS  ATTUCKS  &  PAT* 
CARR,  S&illet),  $ix  wounded;  ^owo  of  tketn, 
(CHRIST"  MONK  &  JOHN  CLARK)  dHooi- 
tally, 

In  the  collections  of  the  New  York 
Historical  Society  there  is  a  broadside 
(19x15^  inches  in  size),  black  and  som- 
bre-looking in  its  deep  mourning  borders 
and  rules,  which  bears  the  following 
heading : 

"An  Account  of  a  late  Military  Mas- 
84 


AND     HIS    ENGRAVING 


sacre  at  Boston,  or  the  consequences  of 
Quartering  Troops  in  a  populous,  well- 
regulated  Town,  taken  from  the  Boston 
Gazette  of  [Monday]  March  i2th,  1770." 
This  broadside,  which  contains  a  full 
and  circumstantial  account  of  the  affair  of 
March  5,  1770,  has  two  full  columns  of 
text  and  three  columns  of  eight  inches 
in  length,  thus  leaving  room  at  the  top  of 
the  sheet  between  the  two  outside  col- 
umns for  an  engraving  of  the  "  Massacre  " 
by  Paul  Revere.  In  the  last  column  are 
four  rude  engravings  of  coffins  which  are 
initialed,  above  a  skull  and  crossbones 

and 


S.  G. 

S.  M. 

J.  c. 

respectively.  At  the  end  of  the  last  column 
is  a  short  paragraph  dated  March  1 9th,  in 
which  is  also  an  engraving  of  a  coffin  in- 
scribed with  the  letters 
skull  and  crossbones. 


above  a 


This  paragraph  an- 
nounces the  death  of  Patrick  Carr  which 
occurred  the  preceding  Wednesday. 

After  a  careful  examination  and  a  com- 


PAUL    REVERE 

parison  of  this  engraving  with  an  un- 
doubted Revere  "  Boston  Massacre  "  I  am 
unable  to  decide  for  or  against  its  authen- 
ticity, but  to  all  appearances  this  sheet 
contains  an  impression  from  Revere's  or- 
iginal copper-plate.  If  this  be  so,  it  must 
be  one  of  the  200  impressions  for  print- 
ing which  the  charge  of  five  pounds  ster- 
ling to  Edes  &  Gill  is  made  in  Revere's 
Day-book,  as  shown  in  Mr.  Goss's  fac- 
simile of  the  page  containing  the  entry ; 
and  here  we  have  also  the  five  coffings,  for 
which,  by  the  same  token,  Revere  charged 
the  afore-mentioned  firm  the  sum  of  six 
shillings.  Two  of  the  statements  here  set 
forth  impress  us  as  somewhat  remarkable. 
First,  the  modesty  of  Revere's  charges  and 
secondly  the  celerity  of  his  performances, 
for  if  the  date  ascribed  to  the  entry  in  his 
Day-book  is  correct,  he  required  only  four 
days  in  which  to  engrave  and  print  his 
plate  of  the  Boston  Massacre,  the  first 
impressions  from  which,  it  is  also  natural 

86 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

to  conclude,  must  have  been  those  sup- 
plied to  Messrs.  Edes  &  Gill  to  illustrate 
this  broadside. 

The  copper-plate  of  the  Boston  Massa- 
cre, minus  the  inscriptions,  and  with  the  en- 
graving upon  the  back  of  three  pieces  of 
Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  Money  of  the 
denominations  of  ten,  twelve  and  eighteen 
shillings,  is  now  in  possession  of  the  State 
of  Massachusetts,  presented  to  the  Com- 
monwealth, I  am  informed,  by  the  Revere 
family  at  the  time  of  the  Centennial  Cel- 
ebration of  the  Battles  of  Lexington  and 
Concord.  At  about  this  time,  some  one 
interested  in  the  matter,  obtained  tempo- 
rary possession  of  the  plate,  and  had  a  num- 
ber of  impressions  taken  from  it.  When 
this  fact  was  discovered  by  the  authorities 
they  recalled  the  plate,  which,  we  are  as- 
sured, has  ever  since  been  kept  under  lock 
and  key,  in  the  vaults  of  the  State  Treas- 
urer, and  furthermore,  it  is  announced  that 
the  plate  has  been  mutilated  by  a  scratch 

87 


PAUL    REVERE 

across  its  face,  so  that  no  more  impressions 
from  it  can  possibly  be  taken. 

There  are  other  versions  of  the  story 
of  the  manner  in  which  these  restrikes 
were  obtained  by  the  dealers  in  prints,  but 
the  rumors  all  agree  that  the  number  of 
impressions  which  at  this  time  were  taken 
from  the  original  plates  of  both  the  "  Mas- 
sacre" and  the  "North Battery"  numbered 
only  ten  or  twelve,  and  that  there  cannot 
be,  of  that  particular  edition,  more  than 
that  limited  number  of  copies  in  circula- 
tion, but  this  is  not  the  entire  conclusion 
of  the  matter.  To  judge  from  the  paper, 
which  is  old  Whatman  laid,  with  a  water 
mark  of  a  fleur-de-lis  surmounted  by  a 
crown  and  the  letters  <S»  &*  upon  which 
the  copies  of  the  "Massacre"  plate  and 
the  "Ships  of  War  landing  Troops,"  in 
the  Bostonian  Society,  are  printed,  they 
would  appear  to  have  been  taken  before 
the  beginning  of  the  year  1800,  while 
Revere  was  still  living.  The  plate  of  the 

88 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

"Landing  of  Troops"  is  cut  down,  as  we 
find  it  in  the  restrikes  of  the  Centennial 
period,  and  the  "Massacre"  plate  has  been 
unskillfully  retouched,  apparently  by  an- 
other hand  than  that  of  Revere.  The  prob- 
able solution  of  this  enigma  is,  however, 
that  the  printer  of  these  copies  obtained 
some  sheets  of  old  account  book  paper  and 
that  these  engravings  were  printed  at  a 
much  later  period  than  they  appear  to  be, 
but  whether  at  an  earlier  or  later  date 
than  those  struck  off  at  the  time  of  the 
Centennial  I  am  unable  to  say.  Here  at 
all  events  is  another  pitfall  for  the  feet  of 
the  unwary  collector. 

To  judge  from  the  manner  in  which 
Revere's  copper-plates  were  so  frequently 
sawn  asunder  and  made  to  serve  a  double 
purpose,  that  ductile  metal  must  have  been 
as  scarce  in  Massachusetts  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  as  we  are  told  that  it  was  in 
New  South  Wales  fifty  years  later,  when 
in  the  whole  Colony  it  was  found  impos- 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

sible  to  procure  a  single  plate  of  copper 
fit  for  engraving  upon,  and  the  artist  was, 
in  consequence,  forced  to  content  himself 
with  the  common  sheet  of  copper  which 
is  employed  for  the  coppering  of  ships, 
but  that  was  before  the  days  of  the  won- 
derful Calumet  and  Hecla  Mine,  now  the 
pride  of  the  Town  of  Boston. 


CHAPTER  V 

'HE  immediate  result  of  the  King 
Street  massacre  was  the  removal 
of  the  British  troops  from  the 
town  of  Boston  to  Castle  Island  in  the 
Harbor.  Among  the  "  Songs  and  Ballads 
of  the  American  Revolution "  gathered 
together  and  published  by  Frank  Moore 
(New  York,  1856)  is  the  following  string 
of  verses  entitled  "A  New  Song  1770." 
In  a  note  prefixed  to  these  wretched 
doggerel  rhymes,  it  is  stated  that  they  ap- 
peared in  a  broadside  a  short  time  after 
the  massacre  of  the  fifth  of  March,  1 770, 
as  a  "  new  song  "  "  much  in  vogue  among 
the  friends  to  arbitrary  power  and  the 

9' 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

soldiery  at  Castle  Island  (where  it  was 
composed),  since  the  troops  have  evacu- 
ated the  town  of  Boston." 


Castlr  3lslanD 

simple  )15ostonians,  3|'D  &abe  vou  betoare, 
<&f  vour  JLibertv  tftree,  31  tooulD  tjabe  vou  take  care, 
jfor  if  tljat  toe  cijanrr  to  return  to  ttye  toton, 
Pour  Ijouses  ana  stores  toill  come  tumbling  Doton, 
SDerrv  Doion,  ooton,  tyev  oern>  Doton* 

31f  ^ou  toill  not  agree  to  olo  CBnglano'0  latos, 
31  fear  tl)at  toing  J?ancocfe  toill  soon  get  ttyyaws  : 
But  lie  neeD  not  fear,  for  31  stoear  toe  toill, 
jfor  tlje  toant  of  a  Doctor  gibe  Ijim  a  Ijara  pill, 

0  brabe  reinforcement  toe  soon  liopr  to  get  ; 
(E  tirn  toe  toill  make  vou  poor  pumpkins  to  stoeat  : 
*0ur  Drums  tljrv'll  rattle,  anD  tljen  vou  toill  run 
tty  Debit  himself  from  t&e  sigljt  of  a  gun. 

tteet  anD  our  arm^,  t\)ty  soon  toill  arribe, 
to  a  bleak  islanD,  vou  sljall  not  us  Dribe* 
31n  eber^  Ijouse,  ^ou  sljall  Ijabe  tljree  or  four 
0nD  if  tljat  toill  not  please  vou,  vou  shall  Iwuc  Ijalf 

a  score 
2i>errv  Doton,  Doton,  Ijev  Derrv  Doton, 

Affixed  to  this  choice  example  of  bar- 
rack-room braggadocio    is  the  following 

92 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

note  giving  an  account  of  the  Massacre  of 
the  fifth  of  March  and  the  funeral  of  the 
victims : 

"Two  regiments  of  British  troops  un- 
der command  of  Colonels  Dalrymple  and 
Carr,  arrived  at  Boston  in  the  month  of 
September,  1768.  The  people  of  Boston 
desired  that  they  should  be  stationed  at 
the  CASTLE,  but  *  they  landed  with  all 
the  appearance  of  hostility ! '  They 
marched  through  the  town  with  all  the 
ensigns  of  triumph,  evidently  designed  to 
subject  the  inhabitants  to  the  severe  disci- 
pline of  a  garrison,  and  continued  their 
enormities  by  abusing  the  people.  On 
the  second  day  of  March  1 770,  a  quarrel 
arose  between  two  soldiers  of  the  29th 
Regiment  and  the  workmen  at  a  rope 
walk  not  far  distant  from  the  barracks. 
The  soldiers  being  repulsed  soon  made 
another  attack,  having  increased  their 
number  to  ten  or  twelve,  but  these  were 
also  successfully  resisted.  In  consequence 

95 


PAUL    REVERE 


of  these  quarrels  the  soldiery  declared  they 
would  be  avenged.  The  following  account 
of  their  proceedings  is  taken  from  The 
Boston  Chronicle  of  March  8,  1770.  'Last 
Monday  about  9  o'clock  at  night  a  most 
unfortunate  affair  happened  in  King 
Street.  The  sentinel  posted  at  the  Cus- 
tom House  being  surrounded  by  a  num- 
ber of  people,  called  to  the  mainguard, 
upon  which  Captain  Preston,  with  a 
party,  went  to  his  assistance,  soon  after 
which  some  of  the  party  fired,  by  which 
the  following  persons  were  killed.  Sam- 
uel Gray,  rope  maker,  a  mulatto  man, 
named  Attucks,  and  Mr.  James  Caldwell. 
Early  the  next  morning  Captain  Preston 
was  committed  to  jail,  and  the  same  day 
eight  soldiers.  A  meeting  of  the  inhabi- 
tants was  called  at  Faneuil  Hall  that  fore- 
noon, and  the  lieutenant-governor  and 
council  met  at  the  council  chamber, 
where  the  Colonels,  Dalrymple  and  Carr 
were  desired  to  attend,  when  it  was  con- 

96 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

eluded  upon,  that  both  regiments  should 
go  down  to  the  barracks  at  Castle  Wil- 
liam as  soon  as  they  were  ready  to  receive 
them. 

"  *  The  funeral  of  the  victims  of  the 
massacre  was  attended  the  8th  of  March. 
On  this  occasion  the  shops  of  the  town 
were  closed,  and  all  the  bells  were  ordered 
to  be  tolled,  as  were  those  of  the  neigh- 
boring towns.  The  procession  began  to 
move  between  4  and  5  o'clock  P.M.,  the 
bodies  of  the  two  strangers,  Caldwell 
and  Attucks,  being  borne  from  Faneuil 
Hall,  and  those  of  the  other  victims  from 
the  residence  of  their  families,  the  hearses 
meeting  in  King  Street,  near  the  scene  of 
the  tragedy,  and  passing  through  the  main 
street,  to  the  burial-ground,  where  the 
bodies  were  all  deposited  in  one  vault. 
Patrick  Carr,  who  was  wounded  in  the 
affair,  died  on  the  I4th,  and  was  buried 
on  the  i  yth,  in  the  same  vault  with  his 
murdered  associates.'  " 


97 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

The  manuscript  plan  of  King  Street  and 
vicinity,  the  scene  of  the  Boston  massacre, 
made  by  Revere — which  was  used  at  the 
trial  of  Captain  Preston  and  his  soldiers, 
"for  the  murder  of  Crispus  Attucks  and 
others  March  5,  1770,"  held  the  follow- 
ing October  and  November,  in  the  old 
State  House  * — is  now  deposited  in  the 
Boston  Public  Library,  mounted  on  the 
south  wall  of  the  Room  for  Younger 
Readers.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  remark- 
ably rich  Chamberlain  collection  of  auto- 
graphs, historical  documents,  portraits  and 
engravings  relating  to  early  American 
history. 

Castle  William  by  BOSTON  in  New  Eng- 
land (afterwards  named  Fort  Independ- 
ence), on  Castle  Island,  to  which  the 
British  soldiers  were  removed,  was  built 

by     COLLONELL     RoMER    A.    D.      1724      BY 

ORDER  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY,   as 
we  are  informed   by  the  inscription   on 

*  Old  State  House  Memorial,  Boston,  1882. 
98 


j      /••-      I      :       /W       j    <£„.?„...  .«.»..».•-.", 

I  •""  /   I  -'•'--  I     v-Mi    •«"< 


a 


ft-- 


Jl  03 


1 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

a  copper-plate  engraving  which  was  prob- 
ably executed  shortly  after  the  fort  was 
built.  This  print,  which  is  here  repro- 
duced, measures  12  x  12^  inches.  The 
only  copy  of  it  that  I  have  ever  seen  or 
heard  mentioned,  is  the  one  which  has 
been  in  my  own  possession  more  than 
thirty  years.  There  is  a  much  smaller 
engraving  of  Castle  William  in  the  "Mas- 
sachusetts Magazine"  1789,  an  exact  copy 
of  which,  or  an  impression  from  the  same 
plate,  also  appears  in  >  the  "  New  Tork 
Magazine"  for  October,  1796. 

When  the  British  left  Castle  William 
they  broke  off  the  trunnions  of  the  can- 
non, an  act  of  petty  spite  similar  to  and 
as  ineffectual  as  the  one  in  which  tradi- 
tion says  that  King  George's  troops  in- 
dulged prior  to  their  evacuation  of  our 
own  city  of  New  York,  when  they  greased 
the  flag-pole  on  the  Battery  and  cut  the 
halyards.  Before  the  British  fleet  had 
passed  out  the  Narrows,  the  damage  had 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

been  repaired,  and  the  flag  of  the  new- 
born Republic  was  floating  triumphantly  in 
the  breeze.  The  trunnions  of  the  cannon 
at  Castle  William  were  restored  with  al- 
most equal  facility  and  promptness  through 
the  ingenuity  of  Paul  Revere. 


-• 


CHAPTER  VI 

HE  anniversary  of  the  tragedy 
of  the  5th  of  March,  1 770,  was 
commemorated  by  the  people  of 
Boston  until  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary War.  The  printed  "  ORATIONS  "  de- 
livered on  these  occasions  by  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  sons  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts  are  naturally  objects  of  in- 
terest to  the  collector  of  books  and  prints 
relating  to  our  Revolutionary  history.  It 
has  now  become  a  difficult  matter  to  gather 
together  a  complete  set  of  these  orations 
in  the  original  editions.  The  collection 
of  Mr.  John  A.  Rice  of  Chicago,  sold  in 
1870,  lacked  only  three  numbers — the 


103 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

years  1778,  1779,  and  1780 — of  a  com- 
plete set.  The  Boston  Massacre  Orations 
were  published  collectively  by  Peter  Edes, 
State  Street,  Boston,  in  [1785].  A  second 
edition  was  issued  in  1807  by  Wm.  T. 
Clap  of  the  same  city. 

The  successive  speakers  on  these 
commemorative  occasions,  were  Thomas 
Young,  James  Lovell,  Benjamin  Church, 
John  Hancock,  Joseph  Warren,  Peter 
Thacher,  Benjamin  Hichborn,  Jonathan 
W.  Austin,  William  Tudor,  Jonathan  Ma- 
son, Thomas  Dawes,  George  R.  Minot, 
and  Thomas  Welsh — thirteen  in  all. 

The  first  copy  made  of  Revere's  en- 
graving of  the  "  Boston  Massacre  "  is  the 
one  which  forms  the  frontispiece  to  the 
Official  "Short  NARRATIVE  of  the  horrid 
Massacre  in  BOSTON  PERPETRATED  in 
the  evening  of  the  Fifth  Day  of  March 
1770,  by  soldiers  of  the  XXIX  Regiment. 
(Octavo).  Printed  by  Order  of  the  Town 

104 


ORATION, 

DELIVERED 

MARCH     FIFTH,  1773. 

A  T    T  HE 

REQUEST    OF    THE    INHABITANTS 

OF    T  HE 

TOWN  OP    BOSTON; 

T    O 

COMMEMORATE  the  BLOODY  TRAGEDY 

OF     THE 

FIFTH    OP    MARCH,     1770. 


B  Y 


DR.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH, 


Imptus  hxc  culta  novalia  miles  habcbit   ? 

Karbarus  has   fcgetes  ?     En    quo  difcofdia  cives 
perduxit  mifcros  ?    En  qucit  confevunu*  agro>  \ 

^         „  Vincit.  EcL  I. 

O  SOCII 

O  pafli  praviorn,  dablt  Deus  his  quoquc  fincm  : 

. rcvocate  au'nuos,  ma;iluitit]ue  Umorein 

mittite,    l'orf;m   ct  hx-c    olim      meminifle  juvabit. 

VIRGIL.  Mnc.  j. 


B       0       S      3"       0 
Printed  «id  Sold  at  tlus  NEW 

near  CONCERT -HALL. 

M,DCC,LXXtH, 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

of  BOSTON,  and  sold  by  EDES  &  GILL 
in  Queen-Street  and  T.  &  J.  Fleet  in 
Cornhill,  1770." 

This  engraving  has  no  inscription  at 
the  top  and  measures  only  4*4  x6%  inches, 
including  the  inscription  below  the  en- 
graving, which  reads  thus : 

"  The  massacre  perpetrated  in  King  Street, 
Boston  on  March  5,  1770,  in  which  Messrs. 
Sam1.  Gray,  Sam1.  Maverick,  "James  Cald- 
well,  Crispus  Attucks,  Patrick  Carr  were 
Killed,  six  others  Wounded,  two  of  them 
Mortally." 

It  is  not  improbable  that  this  engrav- 
ing is  the  handiwork  of  Paul  Revere,  but 
it  cannot  be  identified  as  such. 

This  "Short  Narrative"  of  Edes  & 
Gill  was  reprinted  the  same  year  by  W. 
BINGLEY  in  Newgate  Street,  London, 
and  it  has  for  a  frontispiece  a  copy  of  the 
Massacre  8^X9  inches  in  size,  exclusive 
of  the  top  and  bottom  inscriptions.  It 
107 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

is  therefore  about  the  same  width,  but 
over  an  inch  taller  than  Revere's  original 
engraving,  the  additional  height  being 
simply  an  addition  to  the  blank  paper  in 
the  sky  of  the  picture,  so  that  the  print  it- 
self is  virtually  of  the  same  dimensions  as 
the  original  and  was  doubtless  intended 
to  be  a  fac-simile  of  it. 

On  this  engraving  the  inscriptions  which 
appear  on  the  original  plate  are  re-arran- 
ged and  slightly  amplified  as  follows: 

AT  TOP 

"THE  FRUITS  OF  ARBITRARY  POWER; 
or  the  BLOODY  MASSACRE," 
and  so  on  as  in  the  original,  followed  by 
the  names  of  the  killed  and  wounded. 

AT  FOOT 

The  verses  are  the  same  as  in  the  en- 
graving by  Revere  himself,  with  the  two 
following  biblical  quotations  added,  one  of 
which  is  surmounted  by  a  skull  and  cross- 
bones  within  a  wreath,  the  other  by  a  Lib- 

iofl 


Me*t™  'J*am?  Gray,  Jfun?jraveru&.Ja?n<v  Cold*?  ell.  Q-ispttJ  jlttuck* 
Patrick  farr  wfreKHl^i,  JKT.  0th*r*>  JVoundtft  two 


•  sZftH  //t  f,  Atf.t/'+*t   ''t/r/tftn  'f-^/fr 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

erty  cap  in  clouds,  from  which  issue  forks 
of  lightning  and  two  broken  swords. 
"How  long  fhall  they          "They  flay  the  Widow 


utter  and  fpeak  hard  things  ? 
and  all  the  Workers  of  In- 
iquity boast  themfelves? 
They  break  in  pieces  thy 
People  O  LORD  and  af- 
flict thine  Heritage."  Ps. 


and  the  Stranger  and  mur- 
der the  Fatherless.  Yet 
they  fay,  The  LORD  (hall 
not  fee:  neither  fhall  the 
God  of  Jacob  regard  it." 
Ps.  xciv,  6,  7. 


xciv,  4,  5. 

Printed  for  and  fold  by  W.  BINGLEY  in 
Newgate  Street.  Price  6d. 

I  have  seen  copies  of  this  print  that 
bore  only  the  two  devices  above  described, 
without  the  scriptural  quotations.  It  is 
difficult  to  follow  all  the  changes  and 
modifications  to  which  not  only  Revere's 
"  Boston  Massacre,"  but  many  other  early 
engravings,  English  and  American,  relat- 
ing to  the  history  of  our  country,  have 
been  subjected  in  the  passage  of  time. 

Edes  &  Gill's  "Short  Narrative"  was 
also  reprinted  for  E.  and  C.  Dilly  and  J. 
Almon,  London,  1770  (8vo,  pp.  166). 
The  engraving  of  the  "Massacre  "in  this 


PAUL    REVERE 

edition  is  an  exact  reproduction  of  the 
print,  and  of  the  inscription,  as  it  appears 
in  the  Edes  &  Gill  Boston  edition. 

The  Massachusetts  Calendar  or  an  Al- 
manac for  The  Tear  of  our  Lord  ItJJ2.  By 
Philomathes .  Published  by  Isaiah  Thomas, 
Boston,  *  contains  a  woodcut  copy  of  the 
"  Massacre  "  4%  x  3^  inches  in  size  with 
the  heading  "  The  Boston  Massacre  per- 
petrated on  March  the  5th,  1770,"  and 
the  following  verses  at  the  foot: 

cUlnlr  iSritons  bieto  tins  seme  untt)  conscious 

DreaD 

*lnD  pav  tlje  last  saD  tribute  to  tljr  DeaD  ; 
cClljcU  tliottglj  tljr  sljafts  of  fustier  faintly  gleam , 
#nD  ermin'D  miscreants  riDicule  t^ie  scene ; 

let  one  breast  t^e  generous  siglj  Disclaim 
cease  to  boto  at  j^reeDom's  Ijalloiu'D  fane; 

uiitl)  tlie  tljottgljt  let  fame's  louD  clarion 

siuell 

3Fate  to  Distant  times  t^e  SpurDer  tell. 

This    is  evidently  the    same    woodcut 

*  There  is  a  copy  of  this  Almanac  in  the  Lenox  Library  bought 
at  the  Brinley  Sale. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

which  was  used  by  Isaiah  Thomas  in  a 
large  broadside  published  by  him  in  1771, 
where  it  appears  in  the  upper  left-hand 
corner.  A  copy  of  this  rude  engraving, 
somewhat  enlarged,  will  be  found  on  the 
lining  paper  of  the  cover  of  this  book. 

I  have  in  my  possession  another  copy 
of  this  noted  engraving  by  Colonel  Paul 
Revere.  It  is  of  the  same  size  as  the  one 
which  supplies  the  frontispiece  to  Edes 
&  Gill's  "Short  Narrative,"  and  it  bears 
the  same  inscription,  but  differently  capi- 
talized, the  capital  letters  in  the  words 
Killed,  Wounded,  Mortally,  in  the  Edes  & 
Gill  print  being  reduced  to  small  capi- 
tals. This  print  is,  however,  without  the 
little  dog, — standing  composedly  in  the 
foreground  of  the  picture  apparently  quite 
indifferent  to  his  unusual  surroundings, — 
which  appears  in  Revere's  original  en- 
graving, and  in  all  the  other  copies  that 
have  fallen  under  my  observation.  This 
engraving,  probably,  formed  the  frontis- 
113 


PAUL    REVERE 

piece  to  a  third  London  reprint  of  the 
"  Narrative,"  for  Justin  Winsor  states  in 
his  "Narrative  and  Critical  History,"  that 
it  was  reprinted  in  London  in  three  edi- 
tions in  the  same  year. 

Still  another  copy  of  the  "  Boston  Mas- 
sacre "  came  into  my  hands  a  few  years 
ago,  which  is  of  the  same  size  as  the  orig- 
inal, and  colored  in  imitation  of  it,  appar- 
ently, by  hand.  It  has  the  same  lettering 
at  the  top,  but  none  at  the  foot  except  the 
words  in  the  margin  of  the  print  "  En- 
graved, Printed,  and  Sold  by  Paul  Revere." 
It  closely  resembles  the  original,  but  has 
a  decidedly  modern  appearance,  and  the 
engraving  shows  a  few  cross-hatchings 
where  none  exist  in  Revere's  engraving. 
It  is,  doubtless,  a  re-engraved  copy. 

A  print  in  the  Lenox  Library  (Emmet 
Collection),  resembles  the  one  above  de- 
scribed, except  that  it  is  uncolored,  and  it 
has  the  same  inscription  beneath  that  we 
find  in  Revere's  original  engraving  with 

114 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

the  addition  of  the  words  "  copyright 
secured."  There  did  exist  another  line, 
which  has  been  carefully  erased,  but  ap- 
pears to  have  borne  the  date  of  1832.  I 
have  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  this 
print  and  the  one  described  in  the  pre- 
ceding paragraph  are  identical,  and  that 
in  both  cases  there  has  been  an  attempt  to 
deceive  and  foist  them  off  as  original  im- 
pressions of  the  engraving  by  Paul  Re- 
vere. I  am  also  inclined  to  believe  that 
both  these  prints  are  from  the  same  plate 
as  the  uncolored  copy  of  the  "  Massacre  " 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Charles  A.  Munn, 
of  this  city,  and  the  colored  one  in  the 
Bostonian  Society,  both  of  which  have 
upon  them  the  following  lettering: 

Copy  Right  Secured 

Boston  (Fac-Simi/e)  Republished  at  15  Water  Street 
1832 

Another  reprint  of  the  "  Massacre,"  I 
learn  by  hearsay,  was  published  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  about  the  year  1830, 

"5 


PAUL    REVERE 

and  still  another  in  Salem,  Mass.,  about 
1838.  In  the  Newburyport  plate,  I  un- 
derstand the  name  Revere  is  taken  out, 
and  that  of  Millikin  inserted  and  there 
are  slight  variations  from  the  original  in 
the  lettering  of  the  inscriptions  —  the 
substitution  of  ye  for  the,  etc.  There  ap- 
pear therefore  to  have  been  three  early 
nineteenth-century  re-engravings  of  this 
famous  print.  The  Boston  fac-simile, 
which  is  the  only  one  that  I  have  seen,  is 
a  remarkably  faithful  copy  of  the  original. 
So  well  executed  is  it,  that,  when  colored 
by  hand,  as  is  frequently  the  case,  it  is 
only  the  sound  and  clean  condition  that 
copies  of  it  generally  present,  that  at  first 
sight  arouses  a  suspicion  of  their  genuine- 
ness. Copies  of  these  early  "fac-fimiles" 
do  not  of  course  compare  in  value  with 
the  original  impressions  from  Revere's 
own  copper-plate,  still,  strange  as  it  may 
appear,  some  of  them  seem  to  be  of  equal, 
if  not  greater  rarity.  A  long  summer  day's 

116 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

careful  search  in  Boston  and  Salem,  Mass., 
recently  made  by  Mr.  John  P.  Woodbury 
and  the  writer,  failed  to  bring  to  light  any 
of  these  copies  save  the  one  published  at 
15  Water  Street,  Boston,  another  impres- 
sion of  which  was  found  in  the  rooms  of 
the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
Society,  18  Bullfinch  Street,  Boston. 

Of  modern  reprints  of  the  "Massacre" 
there  have  been  a  number,  the  first,  I  un- 
derstand, to  be  the  one  in  John  Doggett, 
Jr's.,  reprint  of  the  "  Short  Narrative," 
with  notes  and  illustrations,  New  York, 
1849.  The  next  copy  that  I  find  is  the 
one  which  fronts  the  title-page  in  the 
"  History  of  the  Boston  Massacre,"  by 
Frederic  Kidder,  printed  by  Joel  Mun- 
sell,  Albany,  1870.  This  is  a  photo- 
lithographic copy  of  the  print  5^x4 
inches  in  size.  It  is  without  the  dog. 
This  photo-lithographic  print  supplies  the 
frontispiece  to  the  copy  of  Mr.  Kidder's 
book  in  the  Lenox  Library,  but  singularly 


PAUL    REVERE 

the  copy  of  the  same  book  in  the  New 
York  Historical  Society  does  not  contain 
it,  but  has  instead  "  A  New  and  Accurate 
Plan  of  the  Town  of  Boston  in  NEW  Eng- 
land." The  Memorial  of  the  Re-dedica- 
tion of  the  Old  State  House,  Boston, 
July  n,  1882,  also  contains,  at  page  82 
a  process  plate  reproduction  of  "  The 
State  Street  Massacre."  Doubtless  a  num- 
ber of  other  similar  cheaply  made  copies 
are  extant,  but  when  we  find  ourselves 
among  the  photo  this,  and  photo  that, 
reproductions  of  early  American  engrav- 
ings it  is  time  to  call  a  halt. 

How  many  impressions  of  the  "  Mas- 
sacre" plate  besides  the  two  hundred  copies 
furnished  to  Messrs.  Edes  &  Gill,  were 
originally  printed  and  sold  by  Revere,  we 
have  no  means  of  knowing,  but,  taking 
into  account  the  general  and  profound  in- 
terest in  the  tragic  occurrence  which  the 
picture  portrays — albeit  in  its  own  crude 
and  ungainly  fashion — it  is  reasonable  to 

118 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 


presume  that  at  least  as  many  copies  of  it 
as  were  supplied  to  this  prominent  firm 
of  Boston  book-sellers  and  publishers,  were 
issued  by  Revere  as  prints  for  framing  pur- 
poses. Of  these  not  many  more  than  a 
baker's  dozen  appear,  so  far,  to  have  es- 
caped the  vicissitudes  to  which  books  and 
prints  are  heir.  Those  that  I  am  able  at 
this  present  writing  to  trace  are  deposited 
in  the  following  named  Public  Libraries, 
Societies  and  private  collections: 

One  in  the  Bostonian  Society,  in  the 
Old  State  House,  where,  with  other  relics 
of  Colonial  times  in  china,  arms,  equip- 
ments, old  silver,  and  Franklin's  printing 
press,  it  overlooks  the  very  spot,  now 
marked  by  a  circle  in  the  block  pave- 
ment, where  the  massacre  occurred.* 

This  copy  of  the  "Massacre"   has  an 


*  In  1896  the  Bostonian  Society  erected  a  bronze  tablet  on 
the  corner  of  the  Merchants'  National  Bank  Building  at  Ex- 
change and  State  Streets,  bearing  this  inscription: 

"  OPPOSITE  THIS  SPOT  /  WAS  SHED  THE  FIRST  BLOOD  / 
OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION/  MARCH  5TH,  1770." 


PAUL    REVERE 

interesting  history.  It  was  a  gift  from 
Eliza  Susan  Quincy  of  Boston — Septem- 
ber 29,  1882 — the  year  that  the  Boston- 
ian  Society  was  founded,  and  bears  the 
following  inscriptions  on  the  back  of  the 
frame : 


"Given  in  1825  to  Josiah  Quincy,  (1772-1864) 
by  his  aunt,  Mrs.  Storer,  sister  of  Josiah  Quincy,  Jr., 
who  defended  Capt.  Preston." 


crown  on  the  water  mark  of  this  paper 
is  reversed.  Was  this  accidental  or  an  intended 
slight  by  Paul  Revere ',  the  engraver  and  printer?  " 
"  'This  print  was  given  to  Josiah  Quincy,  1825, 
by  his  aunt  Mrs.  Hannah  Storer •,  soon  after  the 
publication  of  her  brother  Josiah  Quincy ,  Jr.'s 
Life  by  his  son." 

Josiah  ghiincy,  Jr.,  1770,  was  applied  to  by 
Captain  Preston  to  take  part  of  his  counsel  im- 
mediately before  John  Adams  was  sent  for. 
Signed  Eliza  Susan  Quincy , 

5  Park  St.,  Boston, 

Mch.  5,  1870. 

Other  copies  of  the  "  Massacre,"  of  the 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

existence  of  which   I  am  creditably   in- 
formed are  as  follows: 

Two  copies  in  possession  of  Zachary  T.  Hollings- 

worth,  Boston. 
Two  copies  in  possession  of  the  Estate  of  Frederick 

W.  French,  Boston.* 

One  copy  in  possession  of  G.  R.  Barrett  of  Boston. 
Two  copies  in  possession  of  the  Essex  Institute,  Salem. 
"       "      "          "         "    "  Massachusetts  Histori- 
cal Society. 

*  BOSTON  MASSACRE,  BY  PAUL  REVERE 

128  BOSTON  Massacre.     The  Bloody  Massacre  perpetrated  in 
King  Street,  Boston,  on  March  5th,   1770,  by  a  party 
of  the  »9th  Regt.     Engrav'd,   Printed  &  Sold  by  Paul 
Revere,  Boston.     In  contemporary  frame. 
AN  ORIGINAL  COLORZD  engraving  by  Paul  Revere. 
With  the  following  identification  on  the  back : 
"  This  representation  of  the  King  (now  State)  Street 
Massacre,  is  an  original  and  vjas  engraved  and  printed 
by  Paul  Revere. 

"It  came  into  my  possession  from  my  father,  Thomas 

Jones  Lee,  'who  died  in  fSjd,  and  previously  belonged 

to  his  father,  Rev.  Joseph  Lee,  ofRoyalston,  Mass.,  ivho 

died  in  1819 — Thos.  J.  Lee,  June,  1872." 

The  above  is  the  description  in  the  sale  catalogue  of  one  of 

the  copies  formerly  owned  by  Mr.  French.      This  impression 

sold  at  the  sale  of  his  library  in   April,    1901,  for   $800 — a 

remarkable  advance  over  the  previous  private  sale  of  a  copy 

for  $300.     The  remaining  copy  formerly  owned  by  Mr.  French 

is  still,  I  am  told,  in  the  possession  of  the  family. 

1*1 


PAUL    REVERE 

One  copy  in  possession  of  Henry  C.  Eno,  N.  Y. 
"       "     ,"         "          "  Edwin  B.  Holden,  N.  Y. 
"       "      "         "          "  E.  D  wight  Church,  N.  Y. 

«      «         «          "  R.  T.  H.  Halsey,  N.  Y. 
"       "      "         "           "  Wm.  L.  Andrews,  N.  Y. 

and  a  copy  which  was  sold  some  two  or 
three  years  ago,  in  Philadelphia  for,  as  it 
was  reported,  the  sum  of  $350.  There 
may  be,  and  probably  are,  other  copies  in 
existence,  that  have  as  yet  evaded  the 
wide-spread  search  of  the  lynx-eyed  print- 
hunter;  so  that  the  engraving  of  the 
"Boston  Massacre"  by  Paul  Revere  can- 
not be  deemed  a  very  rare  print ;  but  if  we 
take  into  consideration  the  historic  interest 
of  the  subject,  and  the  national  reputation 
of  the  engraver  as  one  of  the  heroic  and 
romantic  figures  of  his  time,  it  may,  I 
think,  with  justice  be  regarded  as  one  of 
the  most  important  and  valuable  prints, 
from  an  American  collector's  point  of  view, 
that  has  been  left  us  as  an  heritage  from 
the  past. 


AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

It  is  apparent  that — with  the  possible 
exception  of  the  portraits  of  The  Honor- 
able John  Hancock,  Esqr.,  and  Mr.  Samuel 
Adams — the  illustrations  contributed  by 
Revere  to  "  The  Royal  American  Maga- 
zine" and  to  Captain  Cook's  Voyages,  are 
no  more  nor  less  than  copies  of  earlier 
prints.  The  question  as  to  which,  if  any, 
of  Revere's  other  engravings — including 
the  Boston  Massacre — are  from  his  own 
designs  or  are  copied  after  drawings^  by 
Christian  Remick,  Henry  Pelham  or  some 
nameless  and  forgotten  draughtsman  of  that 
age,  is  a  knotty  point  which  I  leave  to  a 
future  writer  on  the  subject  to  puzzle  over 
and  determine  at  his  leisure. 

In  conclusion  I  desire  gratefully  to 
acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  the  book- 
and  print-collectors  not  a  few,  who  have 
so .  kindly  placed  the  treasures  of  their 
cabinets  at  my  disposal  and  rendered  me 
other  welcome  and  valuable  assistance,  and 
last  but  not  least,  I  have  to  thank  the  type 

113 


PAUL    REVERE    AND    HIS    ENGRAVING 

and  plate  printers,  the  designers  and  the 
engravers  who  have  collaborated  with  me 
in  the  making  of  this  book  with  the 
"  care  and  honest  pains"  which  only  those 
can  exercise  who  are  truly  enamoured  of 
their  art.  I  trust  that  the  reader  who 
scans  these  pages  may  experience  at  least  a 
moiety  of  the  pleasure  which  has  come  to 
the  writer  of  them  through  the  feeling  of 
good  fellowship  engendered  among,  and 
the  hearty  interest  manifested  by,  all  who 
have  had  a  part  in  the  production  of  this 
modest,  and  I  am  conscious  imperfect  essay 
upon  Paul  Revere  and  his  Engraving. 


LETTER  FROM 
COL.  PAUL  REVERE 

FROM  THE  MASSACHUSETTS   HISTORICAL   SOCIETY 
COLLECTIONS 

BOSTON,  January  i,  1798. 
the  fall  of  1774  and  winter  of  1775 
I  was  one  of  upwards  of  thirty,  chiefly 
mechanics,  who  formed  ourselves  into 
a  committee  for  the  purpose  of  watch- 
ing the  movements  of  the  British  soldiers  and 
gaining  every  intelligence  of  the  movements  of 
the  Tories.  We  held  our  meetings  at  the  Green 
Dragon  tavern.  We  were  so  careful  that  our 
meetings  should  be  kept  secret  that  every  time 
we  met  every  person  swore  upon  the  Bible  that 
they  would  not  discover  any  of  our  transactions, 
but  to  Messrs.  Hancock,  Adams,  Doctors 
Warren,  Church,  and  one  or  two  more. 

About  November,  when  things  began  to 
grow  serious,  a  gentleman  who  had  connections 
with  the  Tory  party,  but  was  a  Whig  at  heart, 


APPENDIX 

acquainted  me  that  our  meetings  were  discov- 
ered, and  mentioned  the  identical  words  that 
were  spoken  among  us  the  night  before.  We 
did  not  then  distrust  Dr.  Church,  but  supposed 
it  must  be  someone  among  us.  We  removed 
to  another  place,  which  we  thought  was  more 
secure ;  but  here  we  found  that  all  our  transac- 
tions were  communicated  to  Governor  Gage. 
(This  came  to  me .  through  the  then  Secretary 
Flucker  ;  he  told  it  to  the  gentleman  mentioned 
above.)  It  was  then  a  common  opinion  that 
there  was  a  traitor  in  the  Provincial  Congress, 
and  that  Gage  was  possessed  of  all  their  secrets. 
(Church  was  a  member  of  that  Congress  for 
Boston.)  In  the  winter,  towards  the  spring, 
we  frequently  took  turns,  two  and  two,  to  watch 
the  soldiers  by  patrolling  the  streets  all  night. 
The  Saturday  night  preceding  the  I9th  of  April, 
about  twelve  o'clock  at  night,  the  boats  belong- 
ing to  the  transports  were  all  launched  and 
carried  under  the  sterns  of  the  men-of-war. 
(They  had  been  previously  hauled  up  and  re- 
paired.) We  likewise  found  that  the  grenadiers 
and  light  infantry  were  all  taken  off  duty. 

From    these   movements   we   expected  that 
something  serious  was  to  be   transacted.     On 

128 


APPENDIX 

Tuesday  evening,  the  1 8th,  it  was  observed  that 
a  number  of  soldiers  were  marching  towards  the 
bottom  of  the  Common.  About  ten  o'clock 
Dr.  Warren  sent  in  great  haste  for  me  and 
begged  that  I  would  immediately  set  off  for 
Lexington,  where  Messrs.  Hancock  and  Adams 
were,  and  acquaint  them  of  the  movement,  and 
that  it  was  thought  they  were  the  objects. 
When  I  got  to  Dr.  Warren's  house  I  found  he 
had  sent  an  express  by  land  to  Lexington — a 
Mr.  William  Dawes.  The  Sunday  before,  by 
desire  of  Dr.  Warren,  I  had  been  to  Lexington, 
to  Messrs.  Hancock  and  Adams,  who  were  at 
the.  Rev.  Mr.  Clark's.  I  returned  at  night 
through  Charlestown  ;  there  I  agreed  with  a 
Colonel  Conant  and  some  other  gentlemen 
that  if  the  British  went  out  by  water,  we  would 
show  two  lanterns  in  the  north  church  steeple  ; 
and  if  by  land,  one,  as  a  signal ;  for  we  were 
apprehensive  it  would  be  difficult  to  cross  the 
Charles  River  or  get  over  Boston  Neck.  I  left 
Dr.  Warren,  called  upon  a  friend,  and  desired 
him  to  make  the  signals.  I  then  went  home, 
took  my  boots  and  surtout,  went  to  the  north 
part  of  the  town,  where  I  had  kept  a  boat ;  two 
friends  rowed  me  across  Charles  River,  a  little 


APPENDIX 

to  the  eastward,  where  the  Somerset  man-of-war 
lay.  It  was  then  young  flood,  the  ship  was 
winding,  and  the  moon  was  rising.  They  landed 
me  on  the  Charlestown  side.  When  I  got  into 
town  I  met  Colonel  Conant  and  several  others  ; 
they  said  they  had  seen  our  signals.  I  told 
them  what  was  acting,  and  went  to  get  me  a 
horse ;  I  got  a  horse  of  Deacon  Larkin.  While 
the  horse  was  preparing,  Richard  Devens,  Esq., 
who  was  one  of  the  Committee  of  Safety,  came 
to  me  and  told  me  that  he  came  down  the  road 
from  Lexington  after  sundown  that  evening ; 
that  he  met  ten  British  officers,  all  well  mounted 
and  armed,  going  up  the  road. 

I  set  off  upon  a  very  good  horse ;  it  was 
then  about  1 1  o'clock,  and  very  pleasant. 
After  I  had  passed  Charlestown  neck,  and  got 
nearly  opposite  where  Mark  was  hung  in  chains, 
I  saw  two  men  on  horseback,  under  a  tree. 
When  I  got  near  them,  I  discovered  they  were 
British  officers.  One  tried  to  get  ahead  of  me, 
and  the  other  to  take  me.  I  turned  my  horse 
very  quick,  and  galloped  towards  Charlestown 
neck,  and  then  pushed  for  the  Medford  road. 
The  one  who  chased  me,  endeavoring  to  cut 
me  off,  got  into  a  clay  pond,  near  where  the 

130 


APPENDIX 

new  tavern  is  now  built.  I  got  clear  of  him, 
and  went  through  Medford,  over  the  bridge,  and 
up  to  Menotomy.  In  Medford,  I  awaked  the 
Captain  of  the  minute  men ;  and  after  that,  I 
alarmed  almost  every  house,  till  I  got  to  Lexing- 
ton. I  found  Messrs.  Hancock  and  Adams  at 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Clark's ;  I  told  them  my  errand, 
and  inquired  for  Mr.  Dawes ;  they  said  he  had 
not  been  there  ;  I  related  the  story  of  the  two  of- 
ficers, and  supposed  that  he  must  have  been 
stopped,  as  he  ought  to  have  been  there  before 
me.  After  I  had  been  there  about  half  an  hour, 
Mr.  Dawes  came;  we  refreshed  ourselves,  and 
set  off  for  Concord  to  secure  the  stores,  etc., 
there.  We  were  overtaken  by  a  young  Dr.  Pres- 
cott,  whom  we  found  to  be  a  high  son  of  liberty. 
I  told  them  of  the  ten  officers  that  Mr.  Devens 
met,  and  that  it  was  probable  we  might  be 
stopped  before  we  got  to  Concord  ;  for  I  sup- 
posed that  after  night  they  divided  themselves, 
and  that  two  of  them  had  fixed  themselves  in 
such  passages  as  were  most  likely  to  stop  any  in- 
telligence going  to  Concord.  I  likewise  men- 
tioned that  we  had  better  alarm  all  the  inhabit- 
ants till  we  got  to  Concord  ;  the  young  doctor 
much  approved  of  it,  and  said  he  would  stop 

131 


APPENDIX 

with  either  of  us,  for  the  people  between  that 
and  Concord  knew  him,  and  would  give  the 
more  credit  to  what  we  said.  We  had  got 
nearly  half  way ;  Mr.  Dawes  and  the  Doctor 
stopped  to  alarm  the  people  of  a  house ;  I  was 
about  one  hundred  rods  ahead  when  I  saw  two 
men,  in  nearly  the  same  situation  as  those 
officers  were,  near  Charlestown.  I  called  for 
the  Doctor  and  Mr.  Dawes  to  come  up ;  in  an 
instant  I  was  surrounded  by  four — they  had 
placed  themselves  in  a  straight  road,  that  in- 
clined each  way  ;  they  had  taken  down  a  pair  of 
bars  on  the  north  side  of  the  road,  and  two  of 
them  were  under  a  tree  in  the  pasture.  The 
Doctor  being  foremost,  he  came  up  ;  and  we 
tried  to  get  past  them,  but  they  being  armed 
with  pistols  and  swords,  they  forced  us  into  the 
pasture;  the  Doctor  jumped  his  horse  over  a 
low  stone  wall,  and  got  to  Concord.  I  observed 
a  wood  at  a  small  distance,  and  made  for  that. 
When  I  got  there,  out  started  six  officers  on 
horseback,  and  ordered  me  to  dismount ;  one  of 
them,  who  appeared  to  have  command,  ex- 
amined me  where  I  came  from  and  what  my 
name  was.  I  told  him.  He  asked  me  if  I  was 
an  express.  I  answered  in  the  affirmative.  He 

13* 


APPENDIX 

demanded  what  time  I  left  Boston.  I  told  him, 
and  added  that  their  troops  had  catched  aground 
in  passing  the  river,  and  that  there  would  be 
five  hundred  Americans  there  in  a  short  time, 
for  I  had  alarmed  the  country  all  the  way  up. 
He  immediately  rode  towards  those  who  stopped 
us,  when  all  five  of  them  came  down  upon  a 
full  gallop ;  one  of  them  whom  I  afterwards 
found  to  be  a  Major  Mitchell,  of  the  5th  Regi- 
ment, clapped  his  pistol  to  my  head,  called  me 
by  name,  and  told  me  he  was  going  to  ask  me 
some  questions,  and  if  I  did  not  give  him  true 
answers,  he  would  blow  my  brains  out.  He 
then  asked  me  similar  questions  to  those  above. 
He  then  ordered  me  to  mount  my  horse,  after 
searching  me  for  arms.  He  then  ordered  them 
to  advance,  and  to  lead  me  in  front.  When  we 
got  to  the  road,  they  turned  down  towards 
Lexington.  When  we  got  about  one  mile,  the 
Major  rode  up  to  the  officer  that  was  leading 
me,  and  told  him  to  give  me  to  the  Sergeant. 
As  soon  as  he  took  me,  the  Major  ordered  him, 
if  I  attempted  to  run,  or  anybody  insulted 
them,  to  blow  my  brains  out.  We  rode  till 
we  got  near  Lexington  meeting-house,  where 
the  militia  fired  a  volley  of  guns,  which  ap- 

133 


APPENDIX 

peared  to  alarm  them  very  much.  The  Major 
inquired  of  me  how  far  it  was  to  Cambridge, 
and  if  there  were  any  other  road.  After  some 
consultation,  the  Major  rode  up  to  the  Ser- 
geant and  asked  if  his  horse  was  tired.  He 
answered  him  he  was — (he  was  a  Sergeant  of 
Grenadiers,  and  had  a  small  horse) — then,  said 
he,  take  that  man's  horse.  I  dismounted,  and 
the  Sergeant  mounted  my  horse,  when  they  all 
rode  towards  Lexington  meeting-house.  I 
went  across  the  burying  ground  and  some  pas- 
tures, and  came  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Clark's  house, 
where  I  found  Messrs.  Hancock  and  Adams. 
I  told  them  of  my  treatment,  and  they  con- 
cluded to  go  from  that  house  towards  Woburn. 
I  went  with  them,  and  a  Mr.  Lowell,  who  was  a 
clerk  to  Mr.  Hancock.  When  we  got  to  the 
house  where  they  intended  to  stop,  Mr.  Lowell 
and  myself  returned  to  Mr.  Clark's,  to  find 
what  was  going  on.  When  we  got  there,  an 
elderly  man  came  in ;  he  said  he  had  just  come 
from  the  tavern,  that  a  man  had  come  from 
Boston,  who  said  there  were  no  British  troops 
coming.  Mr.  Lowell  and  myself  went  towards 
the  tavern,  when  we  met  a  man  on  a  full  gallop, 
who  told  us  the  troops  were  coming  up  the 


APPENDIX 

road.  We  afterwards  met  another  who  said 
they  were  close  by.  Mr.  Lowell  asked  me  to 
go  to  the  tavern  with  him  to  get  a  trunk  of 
papers  belonging  to  Mr.  Hancock.  We  went 
up  chamber;  and  while  we  were  getting  the 
trunk,  we  saw  the  British  very  near,  upon  a 
full  march.  We  hurried  towards  Mr.  Clark's 
house.  In  our  way,  we  passed  through  the 
militia.  There  were  about  fifty.  When  we 
had  got  about  one  hundred  yards  from  the 
meeting-house,  the  British  troops  appeared  on 
both  sides  of  the  meeting-house.  In  their  front 
was  an  officer  on  horseback.  They  made  a 
short  halt ;  when  I  saw,  and  beard,  a  gun  fired, 
which  appeared  to  be  a  pistol.  Then  I  could 
distinguish  two  guns,  and  then  a  continual  roar 
of  musquetry,  when  we  made  off  with  the  trunk. 
As  I  have  mentioned  Dr.  Church,  perhaps 
it  might  not  be  disagreeable  to  mention  some 
matters  of  my  own  knowledge,  respecting  him. 
He  appeared  to  be  a  high  son  of  liberty.  He 
frequented  all  the  places  where  they  met,  was 
encouraged  by  all  the  leaders  of  the  sons  of 
liberty,  and  it  appeared  he  was  respected  by 
them,  though  I  knew  that  Dr.  Warren  had  not 
the  greatest  affection  for  him.  He  was  esteemed 
135 


APPENDIX 

a  very  capable  writer,  especially  in  verse ;  and 
as  the  Whig  party  needed  every  strength,  they 
feared,  as  well  as  courted  him.  Though  it  was 
known  that  some  of  the  liberty  songs  which  he 
composed  were  parodized  by  him  in  favor  of 
the  British,  yet  none  dare  charge  him  with  it. 
I  was  a  constant  and  critical  observer  of  him, 
and  I  must  say  that  I  never  thought  him  a  man 
of  principle ;  and  I  doubted  much  in  my  own 
mind  whether  he  was  a  real  Whig.  I  knew  that 
he  kept  company  with  a  Captain  Price,  a  half- 
pay  British  officer,  and  that  he  frequently  dined 
with  him  and  Robinson,  "one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners. I  know  that  one  of  his  intimate 
acquaintance  asked  him  why  he  was  so  often 
with  Robinson  and  Price.  His  answer  was 
that  he  kept  company  with  them  on  purpose  to 
find  out  their  plans.  The  day  after  the  battle 
of  Lexington  I  met  him  in  Cambridge,  when  he 
showed  me  some  blood  on  his  stocking  which 
he  said  spirted  on  him  from  a  man  who  was 
killed  near  him  as  he  was  urging  the  militia  on. 
I  well  remember  that  I  argued  with  myself,  if 
a  man  will  risk  his  life  in  a  cause  he  must  be  a 
friend  to  that  cause  ;  and  I  never  suspected  him 
after  till  he  was  charged  with  being  a  traitor. 

136 


APPENDIX 

The  same  day  I  met  Dr.  Warren.  He  was 
president  of  the  committee  of  safety.  He  en- 
gaged me  as  a  messenger  to  do  the  out-of-doors 
business  for  that  committee,  which  gave  me  an 
opportunity  of  being  frequently  with  them. 
The  Friday  evening  after,  about  sunset,  I  was 
sitting  with  some,  or  near  all  that  committee,  in 
their  room,  which  was  at  Mr.  Hasting's  house 
in  Cambridge.  Dr.  Church  all  at  once  started 
up — "  Dr.  Warren,"  said  he,  "  I  am  determined 
to  go  into  Boston  to-morrow  " — (it  set  them  all 
a-staring) — Dr.  Warren  replied,  "  Are  you  se- 
rious, Dr.  Church  ?  They  will  hang  you  if  they 
catch  you  in  Boston."  He  replied,  "  I  am 
serious  and  am  determined  to  go  at  all  adven- 
tures." After  a  considerable  conversation  Dr. 
Warren  said,  "  If  you  are  determined  let  us 
make  some  business  for  you."  They  agreed 
that  he  should  go  to  get  medicine  for  their  and 
our  wounded  officers.  He  went  the  next  morn- 
ing, and,  I  think,  he  came  back  on  Sunday 
evening.  After  he  had  told  the  committee  how 
things  were  I  took  him  aside  and  inquired  par- 
ticularly how  they  treated  him.  He  said,  that 
as  soon  as  he  got  to  their  lines,  on  Boston 
neck,  they  made  him  a  prisoner  and  carried  him 
137 


APPENDIX 

to  General  Gage,  where  he  was  examined,  and 
then  he  was  sent  to  Gould's  barracks,  and  was 
not  suffered  to  go  home  but  once.  After  he 
was  taken  up  for  holding  a  correspondence -with 
the  British,  I  came  across  Deacon  Caleb  Davis 
— we  entered  into  conversation  about  him — he 
told  me  that  the  morning  Church  went  into 
Boston  he  (Davis)  received  a  billet  for  General 
Gage — (he  then  did  not  know  that  Church  was 
in  town) — when  he  got  to  the  general's  house 
.he  was  told  the  general  could  not  be  spoken 
with,  that  he  was  in  private  with  a  gentleman ; 
that  he  waited  near  half  an  hour  when  General 
Gage  and  Dr.  Church  came  out  of  a  room 
discoursing  together  like  persons  who  had  been 
long  acquainted.  He  appeared  to  be  quite 
surprised  at  seeing  Deacon  Davis  there ;  that 
he  (Church)  went  where  he  pleased  while  in 
Boston,  only  a  Major  Caine,  one  of  Gage's  aids, 
went  with  him.  I  was  told  by  another  person, 
whom  I  could  depend  upon,  that  he  saw  Church 
go  into  General  Gage's  house  at  the  above  time  ; 
that  he  got  out  of  the  chaise  and  went  up  the 
steps  more  like  a  man  that  was  acquainted  than 
a  prisoner. 

Sometime  after,  perhaps  a  year  or  two,  I  fell 
138 


APPENDIX 

in  company  with  a  gentleman  who  studied  with 
Church ;  in  discoursing  about  him  I  related 
what  I  have  mentioned  above ;  he  said  he  did 
not  doubt  that  he  was  in  the  interest  of  the 
British,  and  that  it  was  he  who  informed 
General  Gage  that  he  knew  for  certain  that 
a  short  time  before  the  battle  of  Lexington  (for 
he  then  lived  with  him  and  took  care  of  his 
business  and  books)  he  had  no  money  by  him, 
and  was  much  drove  for  money ;  that  all  at 
once  he  had  several  hundred  new  British 
guineas,  and  that  he  thought  at  the  time  where 
they  came  from. 

Thus,  sir,  I  have  endeavored  to  give  you  a 
short  detail  of  some  matters  of  which,  perhaps, 
no  person  but  myself  have  documents  or  know- 
ledge. I  have  mentioned  some  names  which 
you  are  acquainted  with  ;  I  wish  you  would  ask 
them  if  they  can  remember  the  circumstance  I 
allude  to. 

I  am,  sir,  with  every  sentiment  of  esteem, 
your  humble  servant, 

PAUL  REVERE. 


ACCOUNT  OF  CHRISTIAN  REMICK  * 

BY  LIEUT.  OLIVER   PHILBRICK  REMICK 

U.     8.     REVENUE    MARINE    SERVICE 


HRISTIAN  REMICK.  Born  April 
8, 1726.  He  seems  to  have  been  a 
sailor,  and  master  mariner  also ; 
and  probably  learned  the  art  of  navigating 
from  his  uncle,  Abraham  Remick.  He  mar- 
ried Sarah,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Myrick,  and 
they  probably  lived  in  Boston  most  of  their 
lives,  although  they  also  lived  in  Eastham  and 
Harwich,  Mass. 

He  seems  to  have  been  engaged  in  painting 
and  drawing  in  water  colors  [a  curious  and  in- 
teresting water  color  of  Boston  Common  painted 
by  him  is  now  being  engraved  by  Mr.  Sidney 
L.  Smith],  also  making  geographical  plans  of 
harbors,  sea  coasts,  etc.  His  advertisement  in 
the  Boston  Gazette  and  County  Post  Boy  and 


*  The  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogical  Register. 
Vol.  XLVII,  October,  1893. 


140 


APPENDIX 

Journal  of  October  16,  1769,  and  subsequent 
issues  is  as  follows  : 

"  Christian  Remick,  lately  from  Spain,  Begs 
Leave  to  inform  the  Public,  That  he  performs 
all  sorts  of  Drawing  and  Water  Colours,  such 
as  Sea  Pieces,  Prospective  Views,  Geographical 
Plans  of  Harbours,  Sea  Coasts,  etc.  Also  Col- 
ours Pictures  to  the  Life  and  Draws  Coats  of 
Arms  at  the  most  reasonable  Rates.  Specimens 
of  his  Performances,  particularly  an  accurate 
View  of  the  Blockade  of  Boston,  with  the 
landing  the  British  Troops  on  the  first  of  Oc- 
tober, 1768,  may  be  seen  at  the  Golden  Ball 
and  Bunch  of  Grapes  Taverns,  or  at  Mr. 
Thomas  Bradford's,  North  End,  Boston." 

Christian  Remick  painted  several  copies  of 
this  view  of  the  landing  of  British  troops  in  Bos- 
ton in  1768.  The  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  Society  and  the  Essex  Institute 
each  owns  a  copy,  and  one  belongs  to  W.  H. 
Whitmore  of  Boston,  being  that  formerly  owned 
by  Miss  Otis.  These  are  respectively  dedica- 
ted to  Gibbons  Sharp,  Jonathan  Peal  and  John 
Hancock.  These  pictures  are  each  54  inches 
by  9.  A  reduced  engraving  therefrom  is  in 
Stark's  "  Antique  Views  of  Boston." 
141 


APPENDIX 

A  picture  of  Boston  from  the  water,  showing 
this  landing  of  troops,  was  engraved  by  Paul 
Revere.  A  copy  of  it  colored  by  Christian  Rem- 
ickj  hangs  in  the  old  State  House  in  Boston ;  it 
belongs  to  ex-Mayor  Green.  Remick  probably 
did  not  make  much  money  at  this  business  ;  and 
so  we  find  him  in  September,  1777,  sent  on 
shore  with  other  prisoners  at  Townsend  and 
Sheepscot  River,  Maine,  from  H.  M.  S.  "  Rain- 
bow." He  had  undoubtedly  been  captured 
from  some  privateer  or  Massachusetts  State 
vessel. 

He  was  Pilot  and  Lieutenant  of  the  brig- 
antine  "  Tyrannicide "  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Navy  in  1778  ;  and  was  Prize  Master 
and  Lieutenant  with  Captain  John  Manley  on 
the  Continental  frigate  "  La  Hague."  He  served 
throughout  the  war,  and  was  alive  in  July,  1783, 
when  he  was  probably  living  in  Eastham,  Mass. 


ri  ri  m  a  n  in  n 


n  fi  fi-n  nn 


FROM   THE 

ROYAL   AMERICAN    MAGAZINE 
FOR   MAY,    1774 

THE  Explanation  of  the  INDIAN  GAZETTE,  giv- 
ing an  Account  of  one  of  their  Expeditions. 
The  following  divisions    explain    those  on   the  plate, 
as  referred  to  by  the  numbers. 


EACH  of  thefe  figures 
reprefent  the  number  ten. 
They  all  fignify  that  18 
times  10,  or  180  Ameri- 
can Indians,  took  up  the 
hatchet,  or  declared  war, 
in  favour  of  the  French, 
which  is  reprefented  by 
the  hatchet  placed  over 
the  arms  of  France. 


They  went  by  water — 
fignified  by  the  canoe.  The 
number  of  huts,  fuch  as 
they  raise  to  pass  the  night 
in,  fhows  they  were  21 
days  on  their  pajfage. 


They  departed  from 
Montreal — reprefented  by 
the  bird  ju/f  taking  wing, 
from  the  top  of  a  mountain. 
The  moon  and  the  buck 
Jhow  the  time  to  have  been 
in  the  firft  quarter  of  the 
B  UCK-MOON,  answer- 
ing to  JULY. 


Then  they  came  on 
(bore  and  travelled  seven 
days  by  land — reprefented 
by  the  FOOT,  and  the 
feven  huts. 


APPENDIX 


When  they  arrived 
near  the  habitations  of 
their  enemies,  at  fun-rife 
— -fhewn  by  the  fun  being 
to  the  eaftward  of  them, 
beginning  as  they  think,  its 
daily  courfe;  there  they  lay 
in  wait  three  days — repre- 
fented  by  the  HAND 
pointing  and  the  j  huts. 

7 

They  killed  with  the 
club  ii  of  their  enemies 
and  took  five  prifoners. 
The  former  reprefented  by 
the  club,  and  the  1 1  heads, 
the  latter,  by  the  figures  on 
the  little  pedejlals. 


The  heads  of  the  arrows, 
pointing  opposite  ways,  rep- 
resent the  battle. 


After  which  they  fur- 
prized  their  enemies,  in 
number  12  times  10  or 
1 2O.  The  man  afleep 
fhows  how  they  surprifed 
them,  and  the  hole  in  the 
top  of  the  building,  is  fup- 
pofed  to  fignify,  that  they 
broke  into  feme  of  the  habi- 
tations in  that  manner. 

8 

They  loft  9  of  their 
own  men  in  the  a&ion — 
reprefented  by  the  9  heads 
within  the  bow,  which  is 
the  emblem  of  honour  among 
the  AMERICANS:  but 
had  none  taken  prifoners 
— a  circumflance  they  lay 
great  weight  on,  Jhewn  by 
all  the  pedejlals  being  empty. 

10 

The  heads  of  the  arrows 
all  pointing  the  same  way, 
signify  the  flight  of  the  enemy. 


This  print  is  engraved  from  an  authentic  copy, 
drawn  by  a  French  engineer  from  the  American 
original.* 

*  The  Gazette  and  the  Explanation  as  above  printed  will  be 
found  copied  verbatim  by  Isaiah  Thomas  in  his  "  History  of 
Printing,"  Vol.  II,  pp.  190,  but  he  does  not  inform  us  from 
whence  it  was  taken. 


INDEX 


INDEX 


Adams,  Samuel,  patriot       26 
Aitkin,    R.    His  copy  of 
Romans1    engraving   of 
the    "Late    Battle   at 
Charlestown"   .        56,    57 
Allen,  Charles  Dexter.  His 
work    on     «« American 
Book    Plates "    quoted 

77,     7» 

Allen's  American  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary.  Its 
notice  of  REVERE  .  9,10 

American  Herald,  Bos- 
ton, Advertisement  of 
REVERE'  s  business  in,  6,  7 

American  Magazine  and 
Historical  Chronicle. 
The  Title-page  en- 
graved by  J.  Turner  .  45 

Andrews,  W.  L.  His  copy 
of  the  "  BOSTON  MAS- 
SACRE" engraving  113, 

114,  122 

Attucks,       a       mulatto, 
killed      in     the    King 
Street  MASSACRE     .     .    96 
Funeral  of    .     .     .     .97 


Barrett,  G.  R.,  owner 
of  a  copy  of  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE"  en- 
graving   121 

Billings,  Mr.,  author  of 
"The  New  England 
Psalm  Singer  or  Amer- 
ican Chorister"  .  .60 

Bingley,     W.,    Publisher  107 

Book-Plates.  Those  en- 
graved by  REVERE  77,  78 

Boston  Chronicle,  Ac- 
count of  the  King 
Street  MASSACRE  in  96 

Boston  Gazette  and  County 
Journal,  Advertisement 
of  REVERE' s  "  A  View 
of  Boston"  appears  in  40 

Boston  Independent  Chron- 
icle and  Universal  Ad- 
vertiser. REVERE' s  bus- 
iness advertisements  in  8 

Boston  Liberty  Tree, 
The  36 

Boston,  REVERE' s  "A 
View  of  the  Town  of" 

37Ct  seq. 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Boston,  REVERE' s  "A 
View  of  the  Town  of" 
This  engraving  not  the 

first 45 

Rarity  of  the  print  .     .    49 
Plan  of  Boston.  The  en- 
graving     by     Thomas 
Johnston  .      .      .      45,    47 

BOSTON  MASSACRE, 
the  most  celebrated  of 
REVERE' s  Engravings    .     52 
Description  of  the  en- 
graving      .      .      78  et  seq. 
The    copy    owned    by 
the  New  York  Historical 
Society       .     .      84  et  seq. 
The  original  plate  now 
owned  by  the  State  of 
Massachusetts    .     .     .87 
Recent  impressions  from 

it        88 

Location  of  various 
copies  of  the  engraving 

104  et  seq. 

First  copy  in  the 
"  Short  Narrative  of  the 
Horrid  Massacre  in  Bos- 
ton"   104 

Various      Reprints 

104  et  seq. 
The   recent   sale   of  a 

copy 122 

Not  considered  an 
especially  rare  print.  122 

BOSTON  MASSACRE  Ora- 
tions, The  .  103,  104 

Boston  Public  Library, 
REVERE'S  "Plan  of  the 
BOSTON  MASSACRE  " 
in 98 

Bostonian  Society  possesses 
a  copy  of  REVERE'S 
"A  View  of  Boston"  40 


Bostonian  Society.  Its  im- 
pressions of  the  half- 
plate  of  REVERE'S 
"  Westerly  View  of  the 
Colledges  in  Cam- 
bridge in  New  Eng- 
land"  .  .  .  50,  51 
Its  copy  of  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE"  en- 
graving   115 

Boston  Tea  Party,  The,    23 

Brahm,  John  Gerard  de. 
His  mention  of  Romans 
as  a  draughtsman  .  .58 

Burgis,  William,  Pub- 
lisher .  .  .  46,  50 

Burnet,  William,  Governor    46 
Dedication   to   him   of 
Johnston's    "  Plan    of 
Boston"    ....         46 

Byles,  Mather,  D.D.  64,    65 

Caldwell,     James,     killed 
in     the     King     Street 
MASSACRE    ....    96 
Funeral  of    .     .     .     .97 

Caricature,  Propensity  for, 
in  Revolutionary  days.  32 

Carr,  Col.  One  of  the 
commanders  of  the  Brit- 
ish at  Boston  .  .  .95 

Carr,  Patrick,  killed  in  the 
King  Street  MASSACRE  97 

Castle  Island,  Boston  Har- 
bor, Removal  of  British 
Troops  to     ....    91 
Song  of   ...       92,    93 
The  Site  of  Castle  Wil- 
liam,    afterward     Fort 
Independence     .     .     .98 

Castle  William  on  Castle 
Island,  afterwards  called 
Fort  Independence  .  98 


150 


INDEX 


PACK 

Castle  William  on  Castle 
Island,    Engravings    of   98 
Destruction  by  the  Brit- 
ish of  the  trunnions  of 
the  cannon  in     .      .      .  101 

Chadwick,  Jos.,  his  draw- 
ing of  the  "  Westerly 
View  of  the  Colledges  in 
Cambridge  in  New  Eng- 
land"    50 

Church,  Thomas,  author 
of  "The  Entertaining 
History  of  King  Philip's 
War"  ....  52,  S3 

Church,  Col.  Benjamin, 
REVERE' s  imaginary 
portrait  of  ....  53 

Church,  E.  Dwight,  owner 
of  a  copy  of  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE"  en- 
graving   122 

Clap,  Wm.  T.,  Publisher.  104 

Cook,  Captain.  His  "Voy- 
ages"   52 

Cook's  "Voyages,"  Il- 
lustrations in,  by  RE- 
VERE   52 

A  much  sought  for  vol- 
ume     53 

Collation  of  the  illustra- 
tions in,    .     .     .      54,    55 
REVERE' s  contributions 
to,  mostly  copies     .      .123 

Copper,  The  scarcity  of,  in 
Revolutionary  times  8  9,  90 

Cromwell's  Head  Inn  .         66 

Dalrymple,  Col.,  one  of 
the  British  comman- 
ders at  Boston  .  .  .95 

Doggett,  John,  Jr.  His  re- 
print of  the  "  Short 
Narrative  "  .  .  .117 


FACE 

Dudley,  Dorothy.  Her  ref- 
erence to  PAUL  RE- 
VERE's  shop  in  Boston  30 

Dunlap,  William.  His 
"  History  of  the  Arts  of 
Design  in  the  U.  S."  45 

Duyckinck,  E.  A.,  author 
of  the  "  Cyclopaedia 
of  American  Litera- 
ture "  .  ...  58 

Edes  &  Gill's  "North 
American  Almanac,  * ' 
A  copy  of  REVERE' s 
"  View  of  Boston  "in  42 

Edes,  Peter,  Publisher     .  104 

Engravers,  Early  Ameri- 
can. Historical  value  of 
their  work  .  .  48,  49 

Engravings.  The  cause  of 
the  deterioration  of  pre- 
Revolutionary  ones       .    41 
Many  changes  in  early 
ones in 

Eno,  Henry  C.,  owner  of 
a  copy  of  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE"  en- 
graving   122 

Essex  Institute  of  Salem, 
Mass.,  owns  REVERE' s 
rare  engraving  of  the 
"  Westerly  View  of  the 
Colledges  in  Cambridge 
in  New  England"  .  .50 
Possesses  two  copies  of 
the  "BOSTON  MASSA- 
CRE" engraving  .  .121 

Fac-similes,  Rarity  of,     .116 
Flagg,  Josiah,  joint  pub- 
lisher with  REVERE  of 
a    Collection  of  Psalm 
Tunes  in  1765  .      .          14 


'5' 


INDEX 


French,  Frederick  W. 
Estate  of,  the  owner  of 
two  copies  of  the  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE  engrav- 
ing   121 

Goss,  E.  H.,  author  of 
the  most  complete  life 
of  PAUL  REVERE  50,  65 

Gray,  Samuel,  killed  in 
the  King  Street  MASSA- 
CRE   96 

Green  Dragon  Tavern, 
The 24 

Green,  John  Richard.  His 
"  History  of  the  English 
People"  quoted  .  .35 

Greenleaf,  Joseph,  one  of 
the  publishers  of  the 
Royal  American  Maga- 
zine   67 

Hall,  David,  printer, 
Franklin's  old  business 
associate 19 

Halsey,  R.  T.  H.  His 
copy  of  Johnston's 
"  Plan  of  Boston  "  .47 
Owner  of  a  copy  of  the 
"  BOSTON  MASSACRE  " 
engraving  .  .  .  .  122 

"Harmonies  for  Singing 
Schools,"  engraved  by 
REVERE 14 

Hancock,  "King"    .      .26 

Havemeyer,  William  F. 
His  copy  of  Johnston's 
engraving  of  Quebec  .  48 

Hillsborough,  Earl  of,  RE- 
VERE's  dedication  of  his 
"View  of  Boston,"  to 
the  ...  38,  39,  40 

Holden,  E.  B.       ...     54 


PAGE 

Holden,  E.  B.  His  copy 
of  "  The  New  England 
Psalm  Singer  or  Ameri- 
can Chorister "  .  .63 
Owner  of  a  copy  of  the 
"  BOSTON  MASSACRE" 
engraving  .  .  .  .122 

Hollingsworth,  Z.  T.,  his 
copy  of  REVERE' s 
"  Westerly  View  of  the 
Colledges  in  Cam- 
bridge in  New  Eng- 
land"   50 

His  copies  of  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE  "  en- 
graving .  .  .  .  121 

Independence,  Fort,  for- 
merly Castle  William  .  98 

Johnston,     Thomas,    en- 
graver.     His  "  Plan  of 
Boston"       ....    46 
His  engraving  of  Que- 
bec    ....       47,    48 

Kalbfleisch,  Charles  H.  .     56 

Kidder,  Frederic.  His 
"History  of  the  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE."  117,  118 

King  Philip's  War,  "The 
Entertaining  His- 
tory of,"  by  Thomas 
Church,  REVERE' s  effi- 
gies in 52 

King   Street    MASSACRE, 
Result  of  the    .     .     .91 
Description  of  the  95  et  seq. 

Larkin,  Deacon  John, 
supplied  REVERE  with 
the  horse  for  his  famous 
ride 27 


152 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Lenox  Library,  The  copy 
of  REVERE'S  "View  of 
Boston"  in  .     .     40,    41 
Copy  of  the  "  BOSTON 
MASSACRE"  in       .     .114 

London  Magazine,  Carica- 
tures in 35 

Longfellow,  H.  W.  His 
poem  of  "Paul 
Revere' s  Ride ' '  quoted 

24,  28,    29 

Liberty  Trees,  The      36,     37 

Massachusetts  Calendar, 
Copy  of  the  "  BOSTON 
MASSACRE"  engraving 
in  the 112 

Massachusetts  Magazine, 
Engraving  of  Castle 
William  in  ....  101 

Massachusetts  Historical 
Society.  Its  copy  of  the 
"  BOSTON  MASSACRE  " 
engraving  .  .  .  121 

Massachusetts  State 
Treasurer's  Note,  The 

19,  20 

Mayhew,  The  Rev'd. 
Jonathan,  D.D.,  Pastor 
of  the  West  Church  in 
Boston,  REVERE'S  re- 
puted portrait  of  .  .13 

"  Mercury  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, The"  ...  6 

Mohawks ,  The      .     .     .23 

Moore,  Frank.  "  Songs 
and  Ballads  of  the 
American  Revolu- 
tion" .  .  .  91,  92 

Munn,  Charles  A.  His 
copy  of  the  "  BOSTON 
MASSACRE"  engraving  115 

M unsell,    Joel,   Publisher  117 


PAGE 

"New  England  Psalm 
Singer  or  American 
Chorister,  The"  60  et  seq. 

Newman,  Robert,  Sex- 
ton of  the  North 
Church 26 

New  York  Historical  So- 
ciety.   Its  collection  of 
Dr.  Mayhew' s  sermons    13 
Possesses  a    copy  of  a 
rare    edition   of  Cook's 
"Voyages"       ...     54 
Its  copy  of  the  famous 
"  BOSTON  MASSACRE  " 
engraving   .      .      84  et  seq. 

North  American  Alma- 
nack, The,  A  copy  of 
"REVERE'S  VIEW  OF 
BOSTON"  in  ...  42 

North  Battery,  The  >cop- 
per  plates  of  .  .  65,  66 

North  Church,  The,  from 
the  steeple  of  which  the 
lanterns  were  hung  noti- 
fying Revere  of  the 
movements  of  the  British  25 

Odd  Volumes,  The  Club  of   57 
Olin,  Wm.  M.,  Sect,  of 
Commonwealth,    Mas- 
sachusetts    .     .     .     .51 
Oration  delivered  on    the 
anniversary  of  the  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE       103,  104 

Paine,  Thomas.  His  poem 
of  the  "  Liberty  Tree  "  37 

Pennsylvania  Magazine, 
Paine' s  poem  of  the 
* '  Liberty  Tree  "in  .  37 

Preston,  Captain,  in  com- 
mand at  the  King  Street 
MASSACRE  ....  96 


'53 


INDEX 


"  Printing  in  America, 
History  of,"  by  Isaiah 
Thomas  ....  68 

Pulling,  John,  said  to  have 
hung  out  the  "signals 
for  the  guidance  of 
Major  PAUL  REVERE  "  26 

Quebec,  Johnston's  en- 
graving of  .  .  47,  48 

Quincy,  Eliza  Susan.  Her 
copy  of  the  "  BOSTON 
MASSACRE"  presented 
to  the  Bostonian  So- 
ciety   120 

Remick,  Christian,  Artist,    40 
An  account  of    140  et  seq. 

"Rescinders,  The,"  en- 
graved by  REVERE  .  37 

REVERE,  Col.  PAUL. 
His  varied  occupa- 
tions   5,  6 

A  man  of  action     .     .       6 
"The  Mercury  of  the 
Revolution"      ...       6 
His  diversified  business 

interests 6—9 

His  unselfish    devotion 
to  his  country    ...       7 
A  believer  in  the  value 
of  advertising     ...       9 
An  account  of  his  birth 
and  death     .     .     .     .10 
His  early  work  as  an  en- 
graver       10 

His  trade-mark  .     .     .10 
His    alleged    engraved 
portrait   of  the  Rev'd 
Jonathan     M  a  y  h  e  w, 

D.D 13 

First  heard  of  as  an  en- 
graver       13 


PAGE 

REVERE,   Col.    PAUL. 
His  music    score    in    a 
"  Collection   of  Psalm 
Tunes"        ....     14 

Some  of  his  early  work 

14,     19 

Engraved  the  plates  and 
printed    notes   for   the 
State  of  Massachusetts 
and  Bills  of  Credit  au- 
thorized by  the  Conti- 
nental Congress      .     .19 
His    engraving   of  the 
border  and  headline  of 
the  Massachusetts  State 
Treasurer's  Note      19,    20 
His  marriage      .     .     .20 
A  member  of  the  "Bos- 
ton Tea  Party"     .     .21 
His   early  military  ex- 
periences .     .     .     20,    23 
His    famous    midnight 
ride  ....      24  et  seq. 

His  shop  in   old  Corn- 
hill,  Boston        .     .     .30 
The  silverware  made  by 
him      ....      31,     32 

His    copies    of    carica- 
tures   in    the     London 
Magazine    .      .      .      .35 

His  allegorical  engrav- 
ing regarding  the  Stamp 
Act    .     .     .     .     .     .35 

His  engraving  of  "  A 
View    of    the    Obelisk 
erected   under    Liberty 
Tree,  in  Boston,  on  the 
Rejoicings  for  the  Re- 
peal of  the  Stamp  Act "     36 
His  caricature  of  "  The 
Rescinders"       .     .     .37 
His  "A  View  of  Bos- 

.      .      .    37  et  seq. 


154 


INDEX 


PACK 

REVERE,  Col.   PAUL. 
Use    of    color   on    his 

prints 41 

The     original    of    his 
"VIEW  OF   BOSTON" 

41,    42 
Modern  impressions  of 

it 42 

Copies  of    his    "  View 
of    Boston"    are   very 

rare 49 

The    "Westerly  View 
of  the  Colledges  in  Cam- 
bridge   in    New    Eng- 
land ' '  the  rarest  of  his 
engravings      .     .     49,    51 
His  "BOSTON  MASSA- 
CRE" print       ...    52 
The   effigies    in    "The 
Entertaining  History  of 
King    Philip's    War"     52 
His    illustrations     f o  r 
Captain    Cook's    Voy- 
ages    ....      52,    53 
Collation  of  his  engrav- 
ings in  Cook's  "Voy- 
ages"      ...      54,    55 
H  i  s    contribution    t  o 
"  The    Nenv    England 
Psalm  Singer  or  Amer- 
ican Chorister"    60  et  seq. 
Goss's  Life  of   .     .     .65 
Music  scores  and  front- 
ispieces engraved  by     .65 
A  list  of  his,  engravings 
in  the  Royal  American 
Magazine      .      .  70  et  seq. 
His     engraved     book- 
plates       ...      77,    78 
The  "BOSTON  MASSA- 
CRE"   the  most  noted 
of  his    engravings 

78,  8 1  et  seq. 


PAGI 

REVERE,  Col.  PAUL. 
The  impression  of  the 
" BOSTON  MASSACRE" 
plate  in  the  possession 
of  the  New  York  His- 
torical Society  84  et  seq. 
Apparently  a  very  rapid 

worker 86 

The  present  owners  of 
original  impressions  of 
the  "  BOSTON  MASSA- 
CRE" plate  ....  87 
Recent  impressions 
made  from  the  "  BOS- 
TON MASSACRE"  plate 

87,     88 

His  plates  often  made 
to  serve  a  double  pur- 
pose   89 

His  plan  of  King  Street, 
scene  of  the  BOSTON 
MASSACRE,  used  at  the 
trial  of  Captain  Preston, 
now  in  the  Boston  Pub- 
lic Library  ....  98 
Repairs  the  damage 
done  to  the  Castle  Wil- 
liam cannon  by  the 

British 102 

The  first  copy  of  his 
"BOSTON  MASSACRE" 
engraving     .     .      104,  107 
Other  reprints       107  et  seq. 
His  "BOSTON  MASSA- 
CRE"   not    considered 
an  especially  rare  print  122 
As  to  the  original  de- 
sign    of    his     engrav- 
ings   123 

His  contributions  to  the 
Royal  American  Maga- 
zine and  Cook's  "  Voy- 
ages" .  ...  123 


'55 


INDEX 


PAGE 

REVERE,  Col.  PAUL. 
Letter  describing  his 
famous  ride  and  other 
affairs  of  the  time  127-139 

Rice,  John  A.,  his  col- 
lection of  the  "  BOSTON 
MASSACRE  Orations  "  .103 

Rivington,  James,  Printer. 
His  edition  of  Cook's 
"Voyages"  52,  54,  55 

Romans,  Captain  Bernard, 
his    engraving    of   the 
map  in  Cook's  Voyages    53 
His  "  Concise  Natural 
History    of    East    and 
West  Florida"   .      55,    56 
Market  value  of  the  book    5  6 
His  engraving  of  "  The 
Late  Battle  at  Charles- 
town"      ...      56,    57 
A   biographical  sketch 
of  him      ....    58—60 

Romer,  Colonel,  Builder 
of  Castle  William  .  .98 

Royal  American  Maga- 
zine   35 

REVERE' s  Engraving  of 
"  A  View  of  the  Town 
of  Boston"  for      .      .    42 
Its  great  rarity  .      .     .67 
Collation    of  the  Illus- 
trations in     .     .   68  et  seq. 
The    Address  to  Sub- 
scribers   .     .     .       74,    75 
REVERE' s  contributions 
to  monthly  copies  of  .  123 
Extract  from,  explaining 
the      Indian      Gazette 
pkte    ....    145-146 

Ruttenber,  E.  M.  His 
" Obstructions  to  the 
Navigation  of  Hudson's 
River" 58 


PAGE 

Sellers,    William,   printer    19 

"Short  Narrative  of, 
The  Horrid  Massacre 
in  Boston,  Perpetrated 
in  the  Evening  of  the 
Fifth  Day  of  March, 
1 7  7  o,  by  Soldiers  of  the 
XXIX  Regiment" 

104  et  seq. 

Smith,  Sidney  L.,  an  au- 
thority upon  the  work 
of  PAUL  REVERE  .  .13 

"  Songs  and  Balkds  of  the 
American  Revolution,' ' 
by  Frank  Moore  91,  92 

Stamp  Act,  Disturbance 
caused  by  .  .  .  .35 

"Tales  of  a  Wayside 
Inn,"  Longfellow's 
story  of  "  Paul  Revere' s 
Ride"  in  ....  27 

Thomas,    Isaiah,    one   of 
the   publishers    of   the 
Royal  American  Maga- 
zine  ....       67,    68 
His  "  History  of  Print- 
ing in  America  "      68,     69 
His  edition  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Calendar      .112 

Turner,  J.  His  engraving  of 
the  American  Magazine 
and  Historical  Chronicle  4  5 

Warren,  Dr.  Joseph,  the 
patriot     ...     .     .     .25 

Asked  REVERE  to  ride 
to  Lexington      .     .     .25 

"Westerly  View  of  the 
Colledges  in  Cambridge 
in  New  England ' ' 
REVERE' s  rarest  en- 
graving   49 


,56 


INDEX 


PACK 

Whiting,  Stephen  .  .  48 
Winsor,  Justin' s,"  Narra- 
tive and  Critical  History 
of  America,"  Copy 
of  REVERE' s  "View  of 
Boston"  in  ...  42 

Cited 114 

Winsor,  O.,  "His  Book. 
Bout,  June  i8th,  1776"  63 


PAGE 

Woodward,  Charles  E. 
His  copy  of  Cook's 
"Voyages"  .  .  56 

Woodbury,  John  .     .      .51 
Woodbury,  John  P.   .      .117 

Yale  University.  Its  copy 
of  the  Royal  American 

Magazine     .      .      .      .68 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 
OF     BOOKS 

ISSUED     IN      LIMITED     EDITIONS     BY 

WILLIAM   LORING   ANDREWS 

I 

A  CHOICE  COLLECTION  OF  BOOKS  FROM  THE 
ALDINE    PRESSES    IN  THE  POSSESSION  OF 

WITH  A  SHORT 

INTRODUCTORY  ACCOUNT  OF   THE  ALDUS 
FAMILY  TAKEN  MOSTLY  FROM    HORNE'S 
INTRODUCTION  TO  BIBLIOGRAPHY.     NEW 
YORK  :  PRIVATELY  PRINTED,  MDCCCLXXXV. 
PRESS  OF  THEO.  L.  DE  VINNE  &  Co. 
Octavo,    pp.  23.    Two  illustrations  by  the 
Bierstadt  Process.     Edition,  50  copies  on  Hol- 
land paper,  all  numbered  and  signed. 
Not  published  for  sale. 

II 

ROGER  PAYNE  AND  His  ART.  A  SHORT 
ACCOUNT  OF  HIS  LIFE  AND  WORK  AS  A 
BINDER,  BY  WILLIAM  LORING  ANDREWS. 
NEW  YORK  :  PRINTED  AT  THE  DE 
VINNE  PRESS,  1892. 
Eleven  illustrations  by  the  Bierstadt  process, 

10  of  which  are  in  color  and  gold. 

161 


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Octavo,  pp.  36.  Edition,  120  copies  on  Hol- 
land paper,  10  copies  on  Japan  paper. 
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Ill 

JEAN  GROLIER   DE  SERVIER,  VISCOUNT  D'Ac- 
UISY — SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  HIS  LIFE  AND 
OF    HIS    FAMOUS    LIBRARY,  BY  WILLIAM 
LORING       ANDREWS.        NEW        YORK  : 
MDCCCXCII.     THE  DE  VINNE  PRESS. 
Pot  Quarto,  pp.  68.     Fourteen  illustrations, 
Bierstadt  process  plates  and  electrotypes,  1 1  of 
which  are  in  color  and  gold. 

Edition,  140  copies  on  handmade  paper,  10 
copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $10.00  and  115.00. 


IV 

THE  BRADFORD  MAP — THE  CITY  OF  NEW 
YORK  AT  THE  TIME  OF  THE  GRANTING 
OF  THE  MONTGOMERIE  CHARTER:  A 
DESCRIPTION  THEREOF  COMPILED  BY 
WILLIAM  LORING  ANDREWS  TO  ACCOM- 
PANY A  FAC-SIMILE  OF  AN  ACTUAL 
SURVEY  MADE  BY  JAMES  LYNE  AND 
PRINTED  BY  WlLLIAM  BRADFORD  IN  IJ^l. 
NEW  YORK  :  PRINTED  AT  THE  DE 
VINNE  PRESS,  1893. 

Pot  Quarto,  pp.  115.     Fifty  illustrations,  n 
162 


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of  which  are  Bierstadt  full-page  artotypes,  and 
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From  wasting  woes!  what  balm  from  care! 
If  ills  appall  or  clouds  hang  low, 
And,  drooping,  dim  the  fleeting  show, 

I  revel  still  in  visions  rare, 

At  will  I  breathe  the  classic  air, 

And  wanderings  of  Ulysses  share  ; 
Or  see  the  plume  of  Bayard  flow 
Among  my  books. 

Whatever  face  the  world  may  wear — 
If  Lillian  has  no  smile  to  spare, 
For  others  let  her  beauty  blow. 
Such  favors  I  can  well  forego  : 
Perchance  forget  the  frowning  fair 
Among  my  books." 

SAMUEL  MINTURN  PECK. 


PRINTED  FOR  WILLIAM  LORING  ANDREWS 
AT  THE  DE  VINNE  PRESS.  NEW  YORK: 
1894. 

Crown  Octavo,  pp.  32.     Twenty-seven  full- 
page  illustrations,    13   of  which  are  artotypes 
(4  in  color  and  gold)  and  14  electrotypes. 
163 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


Edition,  2  copies  on   vellum,   10  copies  on 
Japan,  38  copies  on  Holland  paper. 
Not  published  for  sale. 

VI 

A  STRAY  LEAF  FROM    THE    CORRESPONDENCE 
OF   WASHINGTON    IRVING  AND  CHARLES 
DICKENS,  BY  WILLIAM  LORING  ANDREWS. 
PRINTED  AT  THE  DE  VINNE  PRESS.     NEW 
YORK:     1894,   AND    EMBELLISHED    WITH 
ENGRAVINGS  ON  COPPER  AND  ZINC. 
Square  Octavo,  pp.  40.     Seven  illustrations, 
5  electrotypes  and  2  engravings  on  copper  by 
E.  Davis  French. 

Edition,  77  copies,  all  on  Japan  paper. 
Subscription  price,  15.00. 

VII 

A  SHORT  HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  THE  ART 
OF  BOOKBINDING,  BY  WILLIAM  LORING 
ANDREWS,  WITH  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE 
PROMINENT  STYLES  BY  WILLIAM  MAT- 
THEWS. EDITION,  50  COPIES.  COPY- 
RIGHT, 1895,  BY  WILLIAM  L.  ANDREWS 
AND  WILLIAM  MATTHEWS.  NEW  YORK  : 
1895. 

Small  square  Octavo,  pp.  51.  Six  illustra- 
tions, half-tones. 

Edition,  50  copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  |i.oo. 

164 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


VIII 

THE  OLD  BOOKSELLERS  OF  NEW  YORK,  AND 
OTHER  PAPERS,  BY  WILLIAM  LORING 
ANDREWS.  NEW  YORK:  ANNO  DOM- 
INI ONE  THOUSAND  EIGHT  HUNDRED  AND 
NINETY-FIVE.  [THE  GlLLISS  PRESS.] 

Octavo,  pp.  84.  Three  illustrations,  full- 
page  engravings  on  copper  by  E.  Davis 
French.  Also  head  and  tail-pieces  and  initial 
letters  from  designs  by  the  same  artist. 

Edition,  132  copies  on  handmade  paper,  10 
copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $7.50  and  $20.00. 

IX 

AN  ESSAY  ON  THE  PORTRAITURE  OF  THE 
AMERICAN  REVOLUTIONARY  WAR,  BEING 
AN  ACCOUNT  OF  A  NUMBER  OF  THE  EN- 
GRAVED PORTRAITS  CONNECTED  THERE- 
WITH, REMARKABLE  FOR  THEIR  RARITY  OR 
OTHERWISE  INTERESTING.  BY  WlLLIAM 

LORING  ANDREWS.  To  WHICH  is  ADDED 
AN  APPENDIX  CONTAINING  LISTS  OF  POR- 
TRAITS OF  REVOLUTIONARY  CHARACTERS 
TO  BE  FOUND  IN  VARIOUS  ENGLISH  AND 
AMERICAN  PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  EIGHT- 
EENTH AND  THE  EARLY  PART  OF  THE 
NINETEENTH  CENTURY.  ILLUSTRATED 

WITH  REPRODUCTIONS  BY  THE  PHOTOGRA- 
VURE PROCESS  OF  TWENTY  OF  THE 
ORIGINAL  ENGRAVINGS.  NEW  YORK  : 

165 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


PRINTED  BY  GILLISS  BROTHERS  FOR  THE 
AUTHOR  AND  SOLD  BY  DODD,  MEAD  & 
Co.  MDCCCXCVI. 

Royal  Octavo,  pp.  100.  Twenty  illustra- 
tions, reproductions  by  the  photogravure  pro- 
cess of  the  original  engravings. 

Edition,  185  copies  on  handmade  paper,  15 
copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $10.00  and  $20.00. 


THE  JOURNEY  OF  THE  ICONOPHILES  AROUND 
NEW  YORK  IN  SEARCH  OF  THE  HISTORICAL 
AND  PICTURESQUE.  PRINTED  AT  NEW 
YORK  IN  THE  YEAR  OF  OUR  LORD  EIGHT- 
EEN HUNDRED  AND  NINETY-SEVEN  .  .  . 
AND  OF  THE  DISCOVERY  OF  THE  ISLAND 
OF  MANHATTAN  BY  HENDRIK  HUDSON 
THE  Two  HUNDRED  AND  EIGHTY-EIGHTH. 
[THE  GILLISS  PRESS.] 

Royal  Octavo,  pp.  47.       One  illustration,  a 
view  of  the  Battery,  New  York,  in  1793,  a  full- 
page  engraving  on  copper  by  E.  Davis  French. 
Edition,     87    copies     on    Japan    paper,   6 
copies  on  American  handmade  paper. 
Subscription  price,  $4.00. 
Written  to  accompany  the  1 2  views  of  New 
York  City  which  compose  the  first  series  of  the 
publications  of  the  Society  of  Iconophiles,  the 
subscription  price  of  which  was  $24.00. 

1 66 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


XI 

A  PROSPECT  OF  THE  COLLEDGES  IN  CAM- 
•**•  BRIDGE  IN  NEW  ENGLAND.  ENGRAVED 
BY  WILLIAM  BURGIS  IN  1726.  THE 
DESCRIPTION  COMPILED  BY  WILLIAM 
LORING  ANDREWS.  PUBLISHED  AND  FOR 
SALE  BY  DODD,  MEAD  AND  COMPANY. 
NEW  YORK  :  MDCCCXCVII.  [THE  GILLISS 
PRESS.] 

Large  Octavo,  pp.  38.  Six  photogravure 
illustrations,  one  a  folding  plate. 

Edition,  115  copies  on  handmade  paper,  25 
copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $7.50  and  $15.00. 

XII 

NEW  AMSTERDAM,  NEW  ORANGE,  NEW  YORK. 
A  CHRONOLOGICALLY  ARRANGED  ACCOUNT 
OF  ENGRAVED  VIEWS  OF  THE  CITY  FROM 
THE  FIRST  PICTURE  PUBLISHED  IN  MDCLI 
UNTIL  THE  YEAR  MDCCC,  BY  WILLIAM 
LORING  ANDREWS.  PUBLISHED  AND  FOR 
SALE  BY  DODD,  MEAD  AND  COMPANY. 
NEW  YORK:  ANNO  DOMINI  MDCCCXCVII. 
THE  GILLISS  PRESS. 

Octavo,  pp.  142.  Forty-five  illustrations, 
viz.:  3  photo-engravings  in  color,  31  photo- 
gravures on  copper,  3  photogravures  on  gela- 
tine in  color,  and  7  head-bands,  7  initial  letters, 
7  tail-pieces  and  "  Lines  to  the  Reader "  en- 
graved on  copper  by  E.  Davis  French. 

167 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


Edition,  170  copies  on  American  handmade 
paper,  and  30  copies  on  Japan  paper  with  extra 
impressions  of  the  engravings  on  copper  by  E. 
Davis  French. 

Subscription  price,  $15.00  and  $50.00. 


XIII 

FRAGMENTS  OF  AMERICAN  HISTORY.  ILLUS- 
TRATED SOLELY  BY  THE  WORKS  OF  THOSE 
OF  OUR  OWN  ENGRAVERS  WHO  FLOUR- 
ISHED IN  THE  XVIIITH  CENTURY.  PRI- 
VATELY PRINTED  FOR  WlLLIAM  LoRING 
ANDREWS.  NEW  YORK:  MDCCCXCVIII. 
[THE  GILLISS  PRESS.] 

Small  Octavo,  pp.  69.  Eighteen  illustrations 
(4  in  color),  reproductions  of  the  original  en- 
gravings by  various  photo-reproductive  pro- 
cesses, mostly  photogravures. 

Edition,  80  copies  on  American  handmade 
paper,  30  copies  on  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $12. 50  and  $15.00. 

XIV 

SEXTODECIMOS  ET  INFRA.     WILLIAM   LORING 
ANDREWS.     NEW  YORK  :     PUBLISHED  BY 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'SSONS,  ANNO  DOMINI: 
MDCCCXCIX.      [THE  GILLISS  PRESS.] 
Small  Octavo,  pp.  118.    Twenty-seven  illus- 
trations (15  in  color  and  gold),  12  reproductions 

1 68 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

of  tide-pages,  i  illuminated  title-page,  I  illum- 
inated initial,  i  headband. 

Edition,  140  copies  on  English  handmade 
plate  paper,  12  copies  on  Imperial  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $10.00  and  $20.00. 

XV 

A  TRIO    OF    EIGHTEENTH   CENTURY  FRENCH 
ENGRAVERS  OF  PORTRAITS  IN  MINIATURE: 
FICQUET,    SAVART,    GRATELOUP.      WIL- 
LIAM   LORING   ANDREWS.      NEW   YORK. 
MDCCCXCVIII.     [THE  GILLISS  PRESS.] 
Octavo,  pp.  140.    Twenty-eight  illustrations 
(one   in   color),  reproductions  of  the  original 
engravings,  with   title-page    designed  and   en- 
graved on  copper  by  E.  Davis  French. 

Edition,  161  copies  on  Imperial  Japan  paper. 
Subscription  price,  $16.00. 

XVI 

JAMES  LYNE'S  SURVEY,  OR,  AS  IT  is  MORE  COM- 
MONLY KNOWN  THE  BRADFORD  MAP. 
A  PLAN  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK  AT 
THE  TIME  OF  THE  GRANTING  OF  THE 
MONTGOMERY  CHARTER  IN  1731.  AN 
APPENDIX  TO  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  SAME 

COMPILED  IN    1893    BY    WlLLIAM    LoRING 

ANDREWS.  NEW  YORK  :  DODD,  MEAD 
&  COMPANY,  MDCCCC.  [THE  GILLISS 
PRESS.] 

Octavo,  pp.  40.  Three  fac-simile  maps  re- 
produced by  the  Bierstadt  process. 

169 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


Edition,  170  copies  on  Holland  paper  and 
32  on  Imperial  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $4.00  and  $6.00. 


XVII 

GOSSIP  ABOUT  BOOK  COLLECTING,  BY  WILLIAM 
LORING  ANDREWS.  VOLUME  I  (VOLUME 
II).  NEW  YORK  :  PUBLISHED  BY  DODD, 
MEAD  AND  COMPANY,  MCM.  [THE  GIL- 
LISS  PRESS.] 

Octavo,  2  vols.  Volume  I,  pp.  108;  Volume 
II,  pp.  no.  Twelve  illustrations  (6  in  colors 
heightened  with  gold).  The  frontispiece  to 
each  volume,  and  the  "Northwest  Prospect  of 
Nassau  Hall "  engraved  on  copper  by  Sidney 
L.  Smith.  Vignette  on  title-page  by  E.  Davis 
French.  The  colored  prints  are  by  the  Bier- 
stadt  process. 

Edition,  125  copies  on  Holland  paper,  32 
copies  on  Imperial  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $  17.00  and  $34.00. 


XVIII 

THE  ICONOGRAPHY  OF  THE  BATTERY  AND  CASTLE 

GARDEN,  BY  WILLIAM  LORING  ANDREWS. 

NEW  YORK:     CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

MCMI.      [THE  GILLISS  PRESS.] 

Pot   Quarto,  pp.  61.     Twenty  illustrations 

(2  in  color,  of  which  one  is  a  folding  plate),  repro- 

170 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 


ductionsof  the  original  engravings.  Relief  plates 
by  the  line  and  half-tone  processes. 

Edition,  135  copies  on  American  handmade 
paper,  32  copies  on  Imperial  Japan  paper. 

Subscription  price,  $7.00  and  $  12.00. 

XIX 

PAUL  REVERE  AND  His  ENGRAVING,  BY  WIL- 
LIAM LORING  ANDREWS.  NEW  YORK  : 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  MCMI.  [THE 
GILLISS  PRESS.] 

Octavo,  pp.  xiv,  172.  Thirty-three  illustra- 
tions, as  follows :  i  photogravure  on  copper, 
printed  in  colors,  title-page  engraved  on  cop- 
per, by  E.  Davis  French;  14  photogravures 
on  copper  by  the  F.  A.  Ringler  process,  i  plan 
of  Boston  Massacre,  engraved  on  copper  by 
Sidney  L.  Smith,  7  head-bands,  7  tail-pieces  and 
i  ornamental  design  engraved  on  copper  by 
Sidney  L.  Smith,  4  photo-engravings  on  zinc. 

Edition,  135  copies  on  Van  Gelder  paper, 
and  35  copies  on  extra  quality  Imperial  Japan 
made  at  the  Imperial  Government  Mill. 


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